Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey
Abstract Objective: To test whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a dietary pattern in-line with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) was associated with obesity. Design: 24-h dietary recall data from the Canadian Commu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Public Health Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980023000903/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797742008057462784 |
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| author | Alena Praneet Ng Mahsa Jessri Mary R L’Abbé |
| author_facet | Alena Praneet Ng Mahsa Jessri Mary R L’Abbé |
| author_sort | Alena Praneet Ng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Abstract
Objective:
To test whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a dietary pattern in-line with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) was associated with obesity.
Design:
24-h dietary recall data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition, 2004 and 2015 cycles, were analysed. Diet quality index scores were computed for the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), a DASH index and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI). Higher scores indicated greater adherence. Association between scores and obesity was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, sequence of dietary recall and alcohol and energy intake.
Setting:
Canada (excluding territories and the institutionalised population).
Participants:
Canadian adults (≥ 18 years), non-pregnant and non-breast-feeding; 11 748 from CCHS 2004 and 12 110 from CCHS 2015. The percentage of females in each sample was 50 %.
Results:
Mean MSDPS, DASH and DGAI scores were marginally but significantly higher in CCHS 2015 than in CCHS 2004. Those affected by obesity obtained lower scores for all indexes in CCHS 2004 (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·23 (95 % CI 1·50, 3·32), DGAI: 3·01 (95 % CI 1·98, 4·57), MSDPS: 2·02 (95 % CI 1·14, 3·58)). Similar results were observed in CCHS 2015; however, results for MSDPS were not significant (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·45 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·49), DGAI: 2·73 (95 % CI 1·85, 4·03); MSDPS: 1·30 (95 % CI 0·82, 2·06)).
Conclusion:
Following DASH or the 2015–2020 DGA was associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. Findings do not indicate causation, as the data are cross-sectional.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:34:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb301750777944518f12bbb39832af7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1368-9800 1475-2727 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:34:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Public Health Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb301750777944518f12bbb39832af7e2023-08-17T10:00:57ZengCambridge University PressPublic Health Nutrition1368-98001475-27272023-08-01261596160810.1017/S1368980023000903Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition SurveyAlena Praneet Ng0Mahsa Jessri1Mary R L’Abbé2Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaFood, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (CHSPR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Abstract Objective: To test whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a dietary pattern in-line with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) was associated with obesity. Design: 24-h dietary recall data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition, 2004 and 2015 cycles, were analysed. Diet quality index scores were computed for the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), a DASH index and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI). Higher scores indicated greater adherence. Association between scores and obesity was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, sequence of dietary recall and alcohol and energy intake. Setting: Canada (excluding territories and the institutionalised population). Participants: Canadian adults (≥ 18 years), non-pregnant and non-breast-feeding; 11 748 from CCHS 2004 and 12 110 from CCHS 2015. The percentage of females in each sample was 50 %. Results: Mean MSDPS, DASH and DGAI scores were marginally but significantly higher in CCHS 2015 than in CCHS 2004. Those affected by obesity obtained lower scores for all indexes in CCHS 2004 (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·23 (95 % CI 1·50, 3·32), DGAI: 3·01 (95 % CI 1·98, 4·57), MSDPS: 2·02 (95 % CI 1·14, 3·58)). Similar results were observed in CCHS 2015; however, results for MSDPS were not significant (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·45 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·49), DGAI: 2·73 (95 % CI 1·85, 4·03); MSDPS: 1·30 (95 % CI 0·82, 2·06)). Conclusion: Following DASH or the 2015–2020 DGA was associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. Findings do not indicate causation, as the data are cross-sectional. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980023000903/type/journal_articleNational Cancer Institute methodDietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionDietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence IndexMediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern ScoreCanadian Community Health Survey |
| spellingShingle | Alena Praneet Ng Mahsa Jessri Mary R L’Abbé Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey Public Health Nutrition National Cancer Institute method Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score Canadian Community Health Survey |
| title | Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey |
| title_full | Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey |
| title_fullStr | Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey |
| title_short | Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey |
| title_sort | adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity results from two cycles of the canadian national nutrition survey |
| topic | National Cancer Institute method Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score Canadian Community Health Survey |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980023000903/type/journal_article |
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