Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer
Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechani...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1189 |
| _version_ | 1797538936068767744 |
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| author | Madhur Wyatt K. Leigh Greathouse |
| author_facet | Madhur Wyatt K. Leigh Greathouse |
| author_sort | Madhur Wyatt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism for the tumor to escape immune surveillance and metastasize. The microbial community is a key part of the tumor microenvironment and influences cancer initiation, promotion and treatment response. A growing awareness of the impact of the microbiome on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the context of carcinogenesis has prompted this review. We first compare the different metabolic pathways of Trp under normal cellular physiology to colon carcinogenesis, in both the host cells and the microbiome. Second, we review how the microbiome, specifically indoles, influence host tryptophan pathways under normal and oncogenic metabolism. We conclude by proposing several dietary, microbial and drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized in combination to abrogate tumorigenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb313c785a3b4489a8870a6b82db61bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb313c785a3b4489a8870a6b82db61bf2023-11-21T14:07:09ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01134118910.3390/nu13041189Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon CancerMadhur Wyatt0K. Leigh Greathouse1Human Health, Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USAHuman Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USATryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism for the tumor to escape immune surveillance and metastasize. The microbial community is a key part of the tumor microenvironment and influences cancer initiation, promotion and treatment response. A growing awareness of the impact of the microbiome on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the context of carcinogenesis has prompted this review. We first compare the different metabolic pathways of Trp under normal cellular physiology to colon carcinogenesis, in both the host cells and the microbiome. Second, we review how the microbiome, specifically indoles, influence host tryptophan pathways under normal and oncogenic metabolism. We conclude by proposing several dietary, microbial and drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized in combination to abrogate tumorigenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1189tryptophan metabolismkynurenineindoleamine 2,3-dioxygenasearyl hydrocarbon receptormicrobiomeindole |
| spellingShingle | Madhur Wyatt K. Leigh Greathouse Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer Nutrients tryptophan metabolism kynurenine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase aryl hydrocarbon receptor microbiome indole |
| title | Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer |
| title_full | Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer |
| title_short | Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer |
| title_sort | targeting dietary and microbial tryptophan indole metabolism as therapeutic approaches to colon cancer |
| topic | tryptophan metabolism kynurenine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase aryl hydrocarbon receptor microbiome indole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1189 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT madhurwyatt targetingdietaryandmicrobialtryptophanindolemetabolismastherapeuticapproachestocoloncancer AT kleighgreathouse targetingdietaryandmicrobialtryptophanindolemetabolismastherapeuticapproachestocoloncancer |