Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane
The consumption of pharmaceuticals has increased the presence of micropollutants (MPs) in the environment. The removal and degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in different water matrices are thus of significant importance. The photocatalytic degradation of four micropollutants—diclofenac (DCF), i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/10/1004 |
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| author | Shuyana A. Heredia Deba Bas A. Wols Doekle R. Yntema Rob G. H. Lammertink |
| author_facet | Shuyana A. Heredia Deba Bas A. Wols Doekle R. Yntema Rob G. H. Lammertink |
| author_sort | Shuyana A. Heredia Deba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The consumption of pharmaceuticals has increased the presence of micropollutants (MPs) in the environment. The removal and degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in different water matrices are thus of significant importance. The photocatalytic degradation of four micropollutants—diclofenac (DCF), iopamidol (INN), methylene blue (MB), and metoprolol (MTP)—have been analyzed in this study by using a photocatalytic ceramic membrane. We experimentally analyzed the degradation rate by using several water matrices by changing the feed composition of micropollutants in the mixture (from mg· L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>), adding different concentrations of inorganic compounds (NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and NaCl), and by using tap water. A maximum degradation of 97% for DCF and MTP, and 85% for INN was observed in a micropollutants (MPs) mixture in tap water at environmentally relevant feed concentrations [1–6 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>]<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi></msub><mo>;</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 86% for MB in an MPs mixture [1–3 mg·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>]<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> with 100 mg·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of NaCl. This work provides further insights into the applicability of photocatalytic membranes and illustrates the importance of the water matrix to the photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb37d1b9094b42e786fe3ef48aabd59a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb37d1b9094b42e786fe3ef48aabd59a2023-11-24T01:14:08ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-10-011210100410.3390/membranes12101004Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic MembraneShuyana A. Heredia Deba0Bas A. Wols1Doekle R. Yntema2Rob G. H. Lammertink3Wetsus European Center of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The NetherlandsKWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The NetherlandsWetsus European Center of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The NetherlandsMembrane Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsThe consumption of pharmaceuticals has increased the presence of micropollutants (MPs) in the environment. The removal and degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in different water matrices are thus of significant importance. The photocatalytic degradation of four micropollutants—diclofenac (DCF), iopamidol (INN), methylene blue (MB), and metoprolol (MTP)—have been analyzed in this study by using a photocatalytic ceramic membrane. We experimentally analyzed the degradation rate by using several water matrices by changing the feed composition of micropollutants in the mixture (from mg· L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>), adding different concentrations of inorganic compounds (NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and NaCl), and by using tap water. A maximum degradation of 97% for DCF and MTP, and 85% for INN was observed in a micropollutants (MPs) mixture in tap water at environmentally relevant feed concentrations [1–6 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>]<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi></msub><mo>;</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 86% for MB in an MPs mixture [1–3 mg·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>]<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> with 100 mg·L<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of NaCl. This work provides further insights into the applicability of photocatalytic membranes and illustrates the importance of the water matrix to the photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/10/1004photocatalytic membraneTiO<sub>2</sub>micropollutant degradationmixture and water matrix effectAOPwater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Shuyana A. Heredia Deba Bas A. Wols Doekle R. Yntema Rob G. H. Lammertink Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane Membranes photocatalytic membrane TiO<sub>2</sub> micropollutant degradation mixture and water matrix effect AOP water treatment |
| title | Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane |
| title_full | Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane |
| title_short | Effects of the Water Matrix on the Degradation of Micropollutants by a Photocatalytic Ceramic Membrane |
| title_sort | effects of the water matrix on the degradation of micropollutants by a photocatalytic ceramic membrane |
| topic | photocatalytic membrane TiO<sub>2</sub> micropollutant degradation mixture and water matrix effect AOP water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/10/1004 |
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