Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
The pituitary gland is either directly or indirectly impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction or pituitary apoplexy can occur. This study aimed to investigate severe COVID-19 outcomes and COVID-19-related mortality in patients wit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/14/4799 |
| _version_ | 1797588879305342976 |
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| author | Jeonghoon Ha Kyoung Min Kim Dong-Jun Lim Keeho Song Gi Hyeon Seo |
| author_facet | Jeonghoon Ha Kyoung Min Kim Dong-Jun Lim Keeho Song Gi Hyeon Seo |
| author_sort | Jeonghoon Ha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pituitary gland is either directly or indirectly impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction or pituitary apoplexy can occur. This study aimed to investigate severe COVID-19 outcomes and COVID-19-related mortality in patients with underlying pituitary disease in Korea using a nationwide cohort database. The data required for this study were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 2020 and December 2021 were divided into the following three groups and analyzed: Group A, those who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection without underlying pituitary disease (n = 725,170); Group B, those who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection with underlying pituitary disease without exposure to systemic steroids (n = 1509); and Group C, patients with underlying pituitary disease and exposure to systemic steroids (n = 365). Differences in severe COVID-19, requirement for oxygen therapy, intensive care unit admission, application of invasive ventilation or use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and COVID-19-related deaths between groups were then analyzed. Group C had the highest rates of hospitalization after COVID-19 infection (82.2%) and mortality within 30 days of infection (6.8%). Group B had a 1.3-fold increase in severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to Group A. Group C had 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold increases in severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to Group A and Group B, respectively. Group C also had 2.34 and 3.24 times higher mortality rates within 30 days of COVID-19 infection than Group A and Group B, respectively. In conclusion, patients with pituitary disease who are receiving systemic steroids have poorer outcomes and higher mortality associated with COVID-19. Therefore, thorough COVID-19 infection control is required in these patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb3de66eabc24518aef87637cd3475c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb3de66eabc24518aef87637cd3475c32023-11-18T19:54:08ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-07-011214479910.3390/jcm12144799Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort StudyJeonghoon Ha0Kyoung Min Kim1Dong-Jun Lim2Keeho Song3Gi Hyeon Seo4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of KoreaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of KoreaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of KoreaHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Republic of KoreaThe pituitary gland is either directly or indirectly impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction or pituitary apoplexy can occur. This study aimed to investigate severe COVID-19 outcomes and COVID-19-related mortality in patients with underlying pituitary disease in Korea using a nationwide cohort database. The data required for this study were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 2020 and December 2021 were divided into the following three groups and analyzed: Group A, those who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection without underlying pituitary disease (n = 725,170); Group B, those who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection with underlying pituitary disease without exposure to systemic steroids (n = 1509); and Group C, patients with underlying pituitary disease and exposure to systemic steroids (n = 365). Differences in severe COVID-19, requirement for oxygen therapy, intensive care unit admission, application of invasive ventilation or use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and COVID-19-related deaths between groups were then analyzed. Group C had the highest rates of hospitalization after COVID-19 infection (82.2%) and mortality within 30 days of infection (6.8%). Group B had a 1.3-fold increase in severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to Group A. Group C had 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold increases in severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to Group A and Group B, respectively. Group C also had 2.34 and 3.24 times higher mortality rates within 30 days of COVID-19 infection than Group A and Group B, respectively. In conclusion, patients with pituitary disease who are receiving systemic steroids have poorer outcomes and higher mortality associated with COVID-19. Therefore, thorough COVID-19 infection control is required in these patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/14/4799COVID-19pituitary diseasemortality |
| spellingShingle | Jeonghoon Ha Kyoung Min Kim Dong-Jun Lim Keeho Song Gi Hyeon Seo Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study Journal of Clinical Medicine COVID-19 pituitary disease mortality |
| title | Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
| title_full | Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
| title_short | Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
| title_sort | pituitary diseases and covid 19 outcomes in south korea a nationwide cohort study |
| topic | COVID-19 pituitary disease mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/14/4799 |
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