Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
<i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (<i>G. pyloalis</i>) is a serious pest on mulberry. Due to the increasing pesticide resistance, the development of new and effective environmental methods to control <i>G. pyloalis</i> is needed. Trehalase is an essential enzyme in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/4/370 |
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| author | Zuo-min Shao Jian-hao Ding De-lei Jiang Zhi-xiang Liu Yi-jiangcheng Li Jiao Wang Jun Wang Sheng Sheng Fu-an Wu |
| author_facet | Zuo-min Shao Jian-hao Ding De-lei Jiang Zhi-xiang Liu Yi-jiangcheng Li Jiao Wang Jun Wang Sheng Sheng Fu-an Wu |
| author_sort | Zuo-min Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (<i>G. pyloalis</i>) is a serious pest on mulberry. Due to the increasing pesticide resistance, the development of new and effective environmental methods to control <i>G. pyloalis</i> is needed. Trehalase is an essential enzyme in trehalose hydrolysis and energy supply, and it has been considered a promising target for insect pest control. However, the specific function of <i>trehalase</i> in <i>G. pyloalis</i> has not been reported. In this study, two trehalase genes (<i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i>) were identified from our previous transcriptome database. The functions of the <i>trehalase</i> in chitin metabolism were studied by injecting larvae with dsRNAs and trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A. The open reading frames (ORFs) of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were 1,704 bp and 1,869 bp, which encoded 567 and 622 amino acid residues, respectively. Both of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> were mainly expressed in the head and midgut. The highest expression levels of them were in 5th instar during different development stages. Moreover, knockdown both of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> by the dsRNAs led to significantly decreased expression of chitin metabolism pathway-related genes, including <i>GpCHSA</i>, <i>GpCDA1</i>, <i>GpCDA2</i>, <i>GpCHT3a</i>, <i>GpCHT7</i>, <i>GpCHSB</i>, <i>GpCHT-h</i>, <i>GpCHT3b</i>, <i>GpPAGM,</i> and <i>GpUAP</i>, and abnormal phenotypes. Furthermore, the trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A, treatment increased the expressions of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i>, increased content of trehalose, and decreased the levels of glycogen and glucose. Additionally, the inhibitor caused a significantly increased cumulative mortality of <i>G. pyloalis</i> larvae on the 2nd (16%) to 6th (41.3%) day, and decreased the rate of cumulative pupation (72.3%) compared with the control group (95.6%). After the activities of trehalase were suppressed, the expressions of 6 integument chitin metabolism-related genes decreased significantly at 24 h and increased at 48 h. The expressions of <i>GpCHSB</i> and <i>GpCHT-h</i>, involved in chitin metabolism pathway of peritrophic membrane in the midgut, increased at 24 h and 48 h, and there were no changes to <i>GpCHT3b</i> and <i>GpPAGM</i>. These results reveal that <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> play an essential role in the growth of <i>G. pyloalis</i> by affecting chitin metabolism, and this provides useful information for insect pest control in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb45e3fb8e324c0a9bf812a1776e7a40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb45e3fb8e324c0a9bf812a1776e7a402023-11-21T16:24:11ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-04-0112437010.3390/insects12040370Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)Zuo-min Shao0Jian-hao Ding1De-lei Jiang2Zhi-xiang Liu3Yi-jiangcheng Li4Jiao Wang5Jun Wang6Sheng Sheng7Fu-an Wu8Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China<i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (<i>G. pyloalis</i>) is a serious pest on mulberry. Due to the increasing pesticide resistance, the development of new and effective environmental methods to control <i>G. pyloalis</i> is needed. Trehalase is an essential enzyme in trehalose hydrolysis and energy supply, and it has been considered a promising target for insect pest control. However, the specific function of <i>trehalase</i> in <i>G. pyloalis</i> has not been reported. In this study, two trehalase genes (<i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i>) were identified from our previous transcriptome database. The functions of the <i>trehalase</i> in chitin metabolism were studied by injecting larvae with dsRNAs and trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A. The open reading frames (ORFs) of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were 1,704 bp and 1,869 bp, which encoded 567 and 622 amino acid residues, respectively. Both of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> were mainly expressed in the head and midgut. The highest expression levels of them were in 5th instar during different development stages. Moreover, knockdown both of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> by the dsRNAs led to significantly decreased expression of chitin metabolism pathway-related genes, including <i>GpCHSA</i>, <i>GpCDA1</i>, <i>GpCDA2</i>, <i>GpCHT3a</i>, <i>GpCHT7</i>, <i>GpCHSB</i>, <i>GpCHT-h</i>, <i>GpCHT3b</i>, <i>GpPAGM,</i> and <i>GpUAP</i>, and abnormal phenotypes. Furthermore, the trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A, treatment increased the expressions of <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i>, increased content of trehalose, and decreased the levels of glycogen and glucose. Additionally, the inhibitor caused a significantly increased cumulative mortality of <i>G. pyloalis</i> larvae on the 2nd (16%) to 6th (41.3%) day, and decreased the rate of cumulative pupation (72.3%) compared with the control group (95.6%). After the activities of trehalase were suppressed, the expressions of 6 integument chitin metabolism-related genes decreased significantly at 24 h and increased at 48 h. The expressions of <i>GpCHSB</i> and <i>GpCHT-h</i>, involved in chitin metabolism pathway of peritrophic membrane in the midgut, increased at 24 h and 48 h, and there were no changes to <i>GpCHT3b</i> and <i>GpPAGM</i>. These results reveal that <i>GpTre1</i> and <i>GpTre2</i> play an essential role in the growth of <i>G. pyloalis</i> by affecting chitin metabolism, and this provides useful information for insect pest control in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/4/370<i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker<i>trehalase</i>chitin metabolismValidamycin ARNA interferencepest control |
| spellingShingle | Zuo-min Shao Jian-hao Ding De-lei Jiang Zhi-xiang Liu Yi-jiangcheng Li Jiao Wang Jun Wang Sheng Sheng Fu-an Wu Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Insects <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker <i>trehalase</i> chitin metabolism Validamycin A RNA interference pest control |
| title | Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) |
| title_full | Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) |
| title_short | Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>trehalase</i> Related to Chitin Metabolism in <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) |
| title_sort | characterization and functional analysis of i trehalase i related to chitin metabolism in i glyphodes pyloalis i walker lepidoptera pyralidae |
| topic | <i>Glyphodes pyloalis</i> Walker <i>trehalase</i> chitin metabolism Validamycin A RNA interference pest control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/4/370 |
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