M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror
Underwater acoustic communications are challenging because channels are complex, and acoustic waves when propagating in the ocean are subjected to a variety of interferences, such as noise, reflections, scattering and so on. Spread spectrum technique thus has been widely used in underwater acoustic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3577 |
| _version_ | 1811303966758141952 |
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| author | Feng Zhou Bing Liu Donghu Nie Guang Yang Wenbo Zhang Dongdong Ma |
| author_facet | Feng Zhou Bing Liu Donghu Nie Guang Yang Wenbo Zhang Dongdong Ma |
| author_sort | Feng Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Underwater acoustic communications are challenging because channels are complex, and acoustic waves when propagating in the ocean are subjected to a variety of interferences, such as noise, reflections, scattering and so on. Spread spectrum technique thus has been widely used in underwater acoustic communications for its strong anti-interference ability and good confidentiality. Underwater acoustic channels are typical coherent multipath channels, in which the inter-symbol interference seriously affects the performance of underwater acoustic communications. Time-reversal mirror technique utilizes this physical characteristic of underwater acoustic channels to restrain the inter-symbol interference by reconstructing multipath signals and reduce the influence of channel fading by spatial focusing. This paper presents an M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication scheme based on the virtual time-reversal mirror. Compared to the traditional spread spectrum techniques, this method is more robust, for it uses the M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum to improve the communication rate and uses the virtual time-reversal mirror to ensure a low bit error rate. The performance of this method is verified by simulations and pool experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:58:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb65c77bcfed47a983d48d662fffb260 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:58:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb65c77bcfed47a983d48d662fffb2602022-12-22T02:55:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-08-011916357710.3390/s19163577s19163577M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal MirrorFeng Zhou0Bing Liu1Donghu Nie2Guang Yang3Wenbo Zhang4Dongdong Ma5Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaUnderwater acoustic communications are challenging because channels are complex, and acoustic waves when propagating in the ocean are subjected to a variety of interferences, such as noise, reflections, scattering and so on. Spread spectrum technique thus has been widely used in underwater acoustic communications for its strong anti-interference ability and good confidentiality. Underwater acoustic channels are typical coherent multipath channels, in which the inter-symbol interference seriously affects the performance of underwater acoustic communications. Time-reversal mirror technique utilizes this physical characteristic of underwater acoustic channels to restrain the inter-symbol interference by reconstructing multipath signals and reduce the influence of channel fading by spatial focusing. This paper presents an M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication scheme based on the virtual time-reversal mirror. Compared to the traditional spread spectrum techniques, this method is more robust, for it uses the M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum to improve the communication rate and uses the virtual time-reversal mirror to ensure a low bit error rate. The performance of this method is verified by simulations and pool experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3577spread spectrum communicationtime-reversal mirrorunderwater acoustic communication |
| spellingShingle | Feng Zhou Bing Liu Donghu Nie Guang Yang Wenbo Zhang Dongdong Ma M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror Sensors spread spectrum communication time-reversal mirror underwater acoustic communication |
| title | M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror |
| title_full | M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror |
| title_fullStr | M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror |
| title_full_unstemmed | M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror |
| title_short | M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror |
| title_sort | m ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communications based on virtual time reversal mirror |
| topic | spread spectrum communication time-reversal mirror underwater acoustic communication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3577 |
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