Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats
<i>Glycine max Merr</i>. (GM) is a functional food that provides many beneficial phytochemicals. However, scientific evidence of its antidepressive and sedative activities is scarce. The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressive and calmative effects of GM and its biol...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7043 |
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| author | Minsook Ye SunYoung Lee Hyo Jeong Yu Kyu-Ri Kim Hyun-Jung Park In-Cheol Kang Soon Ah Kang Young-Shin Chung Insop Shim |
| author_facet | Minsook Ye SunYoung Lee Hyo Jeong Yu Kyu-Ri Kim Hyun-Jung Park In-Cheol Kang Soon Ah Kang Young-Shin Chung Insop Shim |
| author_sort | Minsook Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Glycine max Merr</i>. (GM) is a functional food that provides many beneficial phytochemicals. However, scientific evidence of its antidepressive and sedative activities is scarce. The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressive and calmative effects of GM and its biologically active compound, genistein (GE), using electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in an electric foot shock (EFS)-stressed rat. The underlying neural mechanisms of their beneficial effects were determined by assessing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the brain using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, the 5-HT2C receptor binding assay was performed because it is considered a major target of antidepressants and sleep aids. In the binding assay, GM displayed binding affinity to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 value of 14.25 ± 11.02 µg/mL). GE exhibited concentration-dependent binding affinity, resulting in the binding of GE to the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor (IC50, 77.28 ± 26.57 mg/mL). Administration of GM (400 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time. Administration of GE (30 mg/kg) decreased wake time and increased rapid eye movement (REM) and NREM sleep in EPS-stressed rats. In addition, treatment with GM and GE significantly decreased c-Fos and CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and increased 5-HT levels in the dorsal raphe in the brain. Overall, these results suggest that GM and GE have antidepressant-like effects and are effective in sleep maintenance. These results will benefit researchers in developing alternatives to decrease depression and prevent sleep disorders. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb6ac5743cf142f780b9b8f065ab12a82023-11-17T19:34:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248704310.3390/ijms24087043Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in RatsMinsook Ye0SunYoung Lee1Hyo Jeong Yu2Kyu-Ri Kim3Hyun-Jung Park4In-Cheol Kang5Soon Ah Kang6Young-Shin Chung7Insop Shim8Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon 17104, Republic of KoreaBioChip Research Center, Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Conversing Technology, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul 06724, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology and The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea<i>Glycine max Merr</i>. (GM) is a functional food that provides many beneficial phytochemicals. However, scientific evidence of its antidepressive and sedative activities is scarce. The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressive and calmative effects of GM and its biologically active compound, genistein (GE), using electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in an electric foot shock (EFS)-stressed rat. The underlying neural mechanisms of their beneficial effects were determined by assessing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the brain using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, the 5-HT2C receptor binding assay was performed because it is considered a major target of antidepressants and sleep aids. In the binding assay, GM displayed binding affinity to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 value of 14.25 ± 11.02 µg/mL). GE exhibited concentration-dependent binding affinity, resulting in the binding of GE to the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor (IC50, 77.28 ± 26.57 mg/mL). Administration of GM (400 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time. Administration of GE (30 mg/kg) decreased wake time and increased rapid eye movement (REM) and NREM sleep in EPS-stressed rats. In addition, treatment with GM and GE significantly decreased c-Fos and CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and increased 5-HT levels in the dorsal raphe in the brain. Overall, these results suggest that GM and GE have antidepressant-like effects and are effective in sleep maintenance. These results will benefit researchers in developing alternatives to decrease depression and prevent sleep disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7043<i>Glycine max Merr.</i>electroencephalography (EEG)sleepelectric foot shock stress-induced insomniasedative-hypnotic activity |
| spellingShingle | Minsook Ye SunYoung Lee Hyo Jeong Yu Kyu-Ri Kim Hyun-Jung Park In-Cheol Kang Soon Ah Kang Young-Shin Chung Insop Shim Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> electroencephalography (EEG) sleep electric foot shock stress-induced insomnia sedative-hypnotic activity |
| title | Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats |
| title_full | Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats |
| title_short | Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats |
| title_sort | sedative hypnotic effects of i glycine max merr i extract and its active ingredient genistein on electric shock induced sleep disturbances in rats |
| topic | <i>Glycine max Merr.</i> electroencephalography (EEG) sleep electric foot shock stress-induced insomnia sedative-hypnotic activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7043 |
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