Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon
Nutrient reference values (NRVs) for zinc set by several expert groups differ widely and may affect the predicted prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. We examined this possibility using NRVs published by four different authorities and nationally representative dietary intake data collected among ch...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/883 |
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| author | Demewoz Haile Kenneth H. Brown Christine M. McDonald Hanqi Luo Michael Jarvis Ismael Teta Alex Ndjebayi Guintang Assiene Jules Martial Stephen A. Vosti Reina Engle-Stone |
| author_facet | Demewoz Haile Kenneth H. Brown Christine M. McDonald Hanqi Luo Michael Jarvis Ismael Teta Alex Ndjebayi Guintang Assiene Jules Martial Stephen A. Vosti Reina Engle-Stone |
| author_sort | Demewoz Haile |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutrient reference values (NRVs) for zinc set by several expert groups differ widely and may affect the predicted prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. We examined this possibility using NRVs published by four different authorities and nationally representative dietary intake data collected among children aged 12–59 months and women in Cameroon. Usual zinc intake was estimated from 24 h recall data using the National Cancer Institute method. Prevalences of total zinc intake below the dietary requirement and of “absorbable zinc intake” below the physiological requirement were estimated using NRVs published by the World Health Organization (WHO), US Institute of Medicine (IOM), International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake ranged from 10% (IZiNCG—physiological requirement, 95% CI 7–13%) to 81% (EFSA—physiological requirement, 95% CI 78–84%) among children and 9% (WHO—physiological requirement, 95% CI 8–11.0%) to 94% (IOM—physiological requirement, 95% CI 92–95%) among women These differences in the prevalence of inadequate intake translated into sizeable differences in the predicted benefit and cost-effectiveness of zinc fortification programs. Depending on the NRVs applied, assessments differ regarding the need for and design of zinc fortification programs. Efforts are needed to harmonize NRVs for zinc. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb6f0922a1744a3992174365500160a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb6f0922a1744a3992174365500160a22023-11-23T21:29:54ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-02-0114488310.3390/nu14040883Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in CameroonDemewoz Haile0Kenneth H. Brown1Christine M. McDonald2Hanqi Luo3Michael Jarvis4Ismael Teta5Alex Ndjebayi6Guintang Assiene Jules Martial7Stephen A. Vosti8Reina Engle-Stone9Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAInstitute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAHelen Keller International, Yaoundé 1771, CameroonHelen Keller International, Yaoundé 1771, CameroonNutrition International, Yaoundé 1771, CameroonInstitute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USANutrient reference values (NRVs) for zinc set by several expert groups differ widely and may affect the predicted prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. We examined this possibility using NRVs published by four different authorities and nationally representative dietary intake data collected among children aged 12–59 months and women in Cameroon. Usual zinc intake was estimated from 24 h recall data using the National Cancer Institute method. Prevalences of total zinc intake below the dietary requirement and of “absorbable zinc intake” below the physiological requirement were estimated using NRVs published by the World Health Organization (WHO), US Institute of Medicine (IOM), International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake ranged from 10% (IZiNCG—physiological requirement, 95% CI 7–13%) to 81% (EFSA—physiological requirement, 95% CI 78–84%) among children and 9% (WHO—physiological requirement, 95% CI 8–11.0%) to 94% (IOM—physiological requirement, 95% CI 92–95%) among women These differences in the prevalence of inadequate intake translated into sizeable differences in the predicted benefit and cost-effectiveness of zinc fortification programs. Depending on the NRVs applied, assessments differ regarding the need for and design of zinc fortification programs. Efforts are needed to harmonize NRVs for zinc.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/883dietary assessmentmodelingzincfortificationchildrenwomen |
| spellingShingle | Demewoz Haile Kenneth H. Brown Christine M. McDonald Hanqi Luo Michael Jarvis Ismael Teta Alex Ndjebayi Guintang Assiene Jules Martial Stephen A. Vosti Reina Engle-Stone Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon Nutrients dietary assessment modeling zinc fortification children women |
| title | Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon |
| title_full | Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon |
| title_short | Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon |
| title_sort | applying zinc nutrient reference values as proposed by different authorities results in large differences in the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by young children and women and in cameroon |
| topic | dietary assessment modeling zinc fortification children women |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/883 |
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