The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.)
This work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.). They ar...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/3612 |
| _version_ | 1797212608840859648 |
|---|---|
| author | Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela Wojciech M. Wolf |
| author_facet | Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela Wojciech M. Wolf |
| author_sort | Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.). They are often grown in soils with significant copper or zinc levels. Herbs were cultivated by a pot method in controlled conditions. Manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The efficiency of photosynthesis was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub>, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Analysis of variance showed that herbs grown in soil treated with copper exhibited a lower iron content in roots, while manganese behaved in the opposite way. The only exception was borage, where a decrease in the manganese content in roots was observed. Both copper and zinc supplementations increased the total content of phenolics, while the highest increases were observed for common nettle and basil. Peppermint and borage responded less to supplementation. In the majority of samples, zinc and copper did not significantly affect the photosynthesis. Herbal extracts from common nettle and basil had unique antioxidant properties and may be good free radical scavengers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:45:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb72c9bb973342ddbb3b0d99dfd3ea86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:45:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb72c9bb973342ddbb3b0d99dfd3ea862024-04-12T13:19:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-03-01257361210.3390/ijms25073612The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.)Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela0Wojciech M. Wolf1Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, PolandThis work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.). They are often grown in soils with significant copper or zinc levels. Herbs were cultivated by a pot method in controlled conditions. Manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The efficiency of photosynthesis was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub>, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Analysis of variance showed that herbs grown in soil treated with copper exhibited a lower iron content in roots, while manganese behaved in the opposite way. The only exception was borage, where a decrease in the manganese content in roots was observed. Both copper and zinc supplementations increased the total content of phenolics, while the highest increases were observed for common nettle and basil. Peppermint and borage responded less to supplementation. In the majority of samples, zinc and copper did not significantly affect the photosynthesis. Herbal extracts from common nettle and basil had unique antioxidant properties and may be good free radical scavengers.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/3612heavy metalspolyphenolsherbsphotosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela Wojciech M. Wolf The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) International Journal of Molecular Sciences heavy metals polyphenols herbs photosynthesis |
| title | The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) |
| title_full | The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) |
| title_short | The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.), Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i> L.), Common Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i> L.) and Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i> L.) |
| title_sort | influence of copper and zinc on photosynthesis and phenolic levels in basil i ocimum basilicum i l borage i borago officinalis i l common nettle i urtica dioica i l and peppermint i mentha piperita i l |
| topic | heavy metals polyphenols herbs photosynthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/3612 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dorotaadamczykszabela theinfluenceofcopperandzinconphotosynthesisandphenoliclevelsinbasiliocimumbasilicumilborageiboragoofficinalisilcommonnettleiurticadioicailandpeppermintimenthapiperitail AT wojciechmwolf theinfluenceofcopperandzinconphotosynthesisandphenoliclevelsinbasiliocimumbasilicumilborageiboragoofficinalisilcommonnettleiurticadioicailandpeppermintimenthapiperitail AT dorotaadamczykszabela influenceofcopperandzinconphotosynthesisandphenoliclevelsinbasiliocimumbasilicumilborageiboragoofficinalisilcommonnettleiurticadioicailandpeppermintimenthapiperitail AT wojciechmwolf influenceofcopperandzinconphotosynthesisandphenoliclevelsinbasiliocimumbasilicumilborageiboragoofficinalisilcommonnettleiurticadioicailandpeppermintimenthapiperitail |