Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills
Soil quality assessment serves as an index for appraising soil sustainability under varied soil management approaches. Our current investigation was oriented to establish a minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality indicators through the selection of apt scoring functions for each indicator, thus evalu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1870 |
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| author | Tajamul Islam Shah Aanisa Manzoor Shah Shabir Ahmed Bangroo Manbir Pal Sharma Aziz Mujtaba Aezum Nayar Afaq Kirmani Aabid Hussain Lone Mohammad Iqbal Jeelani Ajai Pratap Rai Fehim Jeelani Wani Mohammad Iqbal Bhat Abdul Raouf Malik Asim Biswas Latief Ahmad |
| author_facet | Tajamul Islam Shah Aanisa Manzoor Shah Shabir Ahmed Bangroo Manbir Pal Sharma Aziz Mujtaba Aezum Nayar Afaq Kirmani Aabid Hussain Lone Mohammad Iqbal Jeelani Ajai Pratap Rai Fehim Jeelani Wani Mohammad Iqbal Bhat Abdul Raouf Malik Asim Biswas Latief Ahmad |
| author_sort | Tajamul Islam Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil quality assessment serves as an index for appraising soil sustainability under varied soil management approaches. Our current investigation was oriented to establish a minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality indicators through the selection of apt scoring functions for each indicator, thus evaluating soil quality in the Himalayan foothills. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years, viz. 2016 and 2017, and comprised of 13 treatments encompassing different combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers, viz. (i) the control, (ii) 20 kg P + PSB (Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), (iii) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (iv) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (v) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (vi) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, (vii) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, (viii) 40 kg@ P + PSB, (ix) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (x) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (xi) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (xii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, and (xiii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM. Evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological indicators, the integrated module of organic and inorganic fertilization reflected a significant improvement in soil characteristics such as the water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and molybdenum, different carbon fractions and soil biological characteristics encircling microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and total bacterial and fungal count. A principal component analysis (PCA) was executed for the reduction of multidimensional data ensued by scoring through the transformation of selected indicators. The soil quality index (SQI) established for different treatments exhibited a variation of 0.105 to 0.398, while the magnitude of share pertaining to key soil quality indicators for influencing soil quality index encircled the water holding capacity (WHC), the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), the total bacteria count, and the available P. The treatments that received an integrated nutrient package exhibited a higher SQI (T10—0.398; T13—0.372; T7—0.307) in comparison to the control treatment (T1—0.105). An enhanced soil quality index put forth for all organic treatments reflected an edge of any conjunctive package of reduced synthetic fertilizers with prime involvement of organic fertilizers over the sole application of inorganic fertilizers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:01Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb828f4b83404c6e8a89d336b6de12552023-12-01T23:18:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-08-01128187010.3390/agronomy12081870Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan FoothillsTajamul Islam Shah0Aanisa Manzoor Shah1Shabir Ahmed Bangroo2Manbir Pal Sharma3Aziz Mujtaba Aezum4Nayar Afaq Kirmani5Aabid Hussain Lone6Mohammad Iqbal Jeelani7Ajai Pratap Rai8Fehim Jeelani Wani9Mohammad Iqbal Bhat10Abdul Raouf Malik11Asim Biswas12Latief Ahmad13Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha 180009, IndiaDivision of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha 180009, IndiaDivision of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaMountain Research Center for Field Crops-Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Khudwani 192101, IndiaDivision of Statistics and Computer Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha 180009, IndiaDivision of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha 180009, IndiaDivision of Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Wadura 193201, IndiaDivision of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaDivision of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, IndiaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaSoil quality assessment serves as an index for appraising soil sustainability under varied soil management approaches. Our current investigation was oriented to establish a minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality indicators through the selection of apt scoring functions for each indicator, thus evaluating soil quality in the Himalayan foothills. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive years, viz. 2016 and 2017, and comprised of 13 treatments encompassing different combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers, viz. (i) the control, (ii) 20 kg P + PSB (Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), (iii) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (iv) 20 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (v) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (vi) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, (vii) 20 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, (viii) 40 kg@ P + PSB, (ix) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium, (x) 40 kg P + PSB + Rhizobium+ FYM, (xi) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB, (xii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, and (xiii) 40 kg P + 0.5 kg Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM. Evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological indicators, the integrated module of organic and inorganic fertilization reflected a significant improvement in soil characteristics such as the water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and molybdenum, different carbon fractions and soil biological characteristics encircling microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and total bacterial and fungal count. A principal component analysis (PCA) was executed for the reduction of multidimensional data ensued by scoring through the transformation of selected indicators. The soil quality index (SQI) established for different treatments exhibited a variation of 0.105 to 0.398, while the magnitude of share pertaining to key soil quality indicators for influencing soil quality index encircled the water holding capacity (WHC), the dehydrogenase activity (DHA), the total bacteria count, and the available P. The treatments that received an integrated nutrient package exhibited a higher SQI (T10—0.398; T13—0.372; T7—0.307) in comparison to the control treatment (T1—0.105). An enhanced soil quality index put forth for all organic treatments reflected an edge of any conjunctive package of reduced synthetic fertilizers with prime involvement of organic fertilizers over the sole application of inorganic fertilizers.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1870integrated nutrient managementsoil quality indexprincipal component analysisscoringHimalayas |
| spellingShingle | Tajamul Islam Shah Aanisa Manzoor Shah Shabir Ahmed Bangroo Manbir Pal Sharma Aziz Mujtaba Aezum Nayar Afaq Kirmani Aabid Hussain Lone Mohammad Iqbal Jeelani Ajai Pratap Rai Fehim Jeelani Wani Mohammad Iqbal Bhat Abdul Raouf Malik Asim Biswas Latief Ahmad Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills Agronomy integrated nutrient management soil quality index principal component analysis scoring Himalayas |
| title | Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills |
| title_full | Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills |
| title_fullStr | Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills |
| title_short | Soil Quality Index as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management in the Himalayan Foothills |
| title_sort | soil quality index as affected by integrated nutrient management in the himalayan foothills |
| topic | integrated nutrient management soil quality index principal component analysis scoring Himalayas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1870 |
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