Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract
Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was des...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/375 |
| _version_ | 1797491655976157184 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammed Elmowafy Arafa Musa Mohammad M. Al-Sanea AbdElAziz A. Nayl Mohammed M. Ghoneim Yasmine M. Ahmed Hossam M. Hassan Asmaa M. AboulMagd Heba F. Salem Nada S. Abdelwahab |
| author_facet | Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammed Elmowafy Arafa Musa Mohammad M. Al-Sanea AbdElAziz A. Nayl Mohammed M. Ghoneim Yasmine M. Ahmed Hossam M. Hassan Asmaa M. AboulMagd Heba F. Salem Nada S. Abdelwahab |
| author_sort | Mohamed A. Abdelgawad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was designed for studying the pharmacokinetics of metformin (MET) when concurrently administered with papaya extract. A mobile phase of 0.5 mM of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> solution and methanol (65:35, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), pH = 5 ± 0.2 using aqueous phosphoric acid and NaOH, and guaifenesin (GUF) were used as an internal standard. To perform non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, the Pharmacokinetic program (PK Solver) was used. The method’s greenness was analyzed using two tools: the Analytical GREEnness calculator and the RGB additive color model. Taking papaya with MET improved the rate of absorption substantially (time for reaching maximum concentration (T<sub>max</sub>) significantly decreased by 75% while maximum plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) increased by 7.33%). The extent of absorption reduced by 22.90%. Furthermore, the amount of medication distributed increased (30.83 L for MET concurrently used with papaya extract versus 24.25 L for MET used alone) and the clearance rate rose by roughly 13.50%. The results of the greenness assessment indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Taking papaya with MET changed the pharmacokinetics of the drug dramatically. Hence, this combination will be particularly effective in maintaining quick blood glucose control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb94362a476f4036956d8604b3e315ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb94362a476f4036956d8604b3e315ec2023-11-23T14:50:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127237510.3390/molecules27020375Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya ExtractMohamed A. Abdelgawad0Mohammed Elmowafy1Arafa Musa2Mohammad M. Al-Sanea3AbdElAziz A. Nayl4Mohammed M. Ghoneim5Yasmine M. Ahmed6Hossam M. Hassan7Asmaa M. AboulMagd8Heba F. Salem9Nada S. Abdelwahab10Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Collage of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi ArabiaPharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptPharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptPharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptPharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University in Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptFoods with medical value have been proven to be beneficial, and they are extensively employed since they integrate two essential elements: food and medication. Accordingly, diabetic patients can benefit from papaya because the fruit is low in sugar and high in antioxidants. An RP-HPLC method was designed for studying the pharmacokinetics of metformin (MET) when concurrently administered with papaya extract. A mobile phase of 0.5 mM of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> solution and methanol (65:35, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), pH = 5 ± 0.2 using aqueous phosphoric acid and NaOH, and guaifenesin (GUF) were used as an internal standard. To perform non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, the Pharmacokinetic program (PK Solver) was used. The method’s greenness was analyzed using two tools: the Analytical GREEnness calculator and the RGB additive color model. Taking papaya with MET improved the rate of absorption substantially (time for reaching maximum concentration (T<sub>max</sub>) significantly decreased by 75% while maximum plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) increased by 7.33%). The extent of absorption reduced by 22.90%. Furthermore, the amount of medication distributed increased (30.83 L for MET concurrently used with papaya extract versus 24.25 L for MET used alone) and the clearance rate rose by roughly 13.50%. The results of the greenness assessment indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Taking papaya with MET changed the pharmacokinetics of the drug dramatically. Hence, this combination will be particularly effective in maintaining quick blood glucose control.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/375greenness assessmentRP-HPLCmetforminpharmacokineticspapaya |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammed Elmowafy Arafa Musa Mohammad M. Al-Sanea AbdElAziz A. Nayl Mohammed M. Ghoneim Yasmine M. Ahmed Hossam M. Hassan Asmaa M. AboulMagd Heba F. Salem Nada S. Abdelwahab Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract Molecules greenness assessment RP-HPLC metformin pharmacokinetics papaya |
| title | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
| title_full | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
| title_fullStr | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
| title_short | Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract |
| title_sort | development and greenness assessment of hplc method for studying the pharmacokinetics of co administered metformin and papaya extract |
| topic | greenness assessment RP-HPLC metformin pharmacokinetics papaya |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/375 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedaabdelgawad developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT mohammedelmowafy developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT arafamusa developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT mohammadmalsanea developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT abdelazizanayl developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT mohammedmghoneim developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT yasminemahmed developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT hossammhassan developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT asmaamaboulmagd developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT hebafsalem developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract AT nadasabdelwahab developmentandgreennessassessmentofhplcmethodforstudyingthepharmacokineticsofcoadministeredmetforminandpapayaextract |