Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can cause serious health problems in animals, and may result in severe economic losses. Deleterious effects of these feed contaminants in animals are well documented, ranging from growth impairment, decreased resistance to pathogens, hepato- and nep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2013-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/2/396 |
| _version_ | 1828117503310561280 |
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| author | Todd J. Applegate Bertrand Grenier |
| author_facet | Todd J. Applegate Bertrand Grenier |
| author_sort | Todd J. Applegate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can cause serious health problems in animals, and may result in severe economic losses. Deleterious effects of these feed contaminants in animals are well documented, ranging from growth impairment, decreased resistance to pathogens, hepato- and nephrotoxicity to death. By contrast, data with regard to their impact on intestinal functions are more limited. However, intestinal cells are the first cells to be exposed to mycotoxins, and often at higher concentrations than other tissues. In addition, mycotoxins specifically target high protein turnover- and activated-cells, which are predominant in gut epithelium. Therefore, intestinal investigations have gained significant interest over the last decade, and some publications have demonstrated that mycotoxins are able to compromise several key functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including decreased surface area available for nutrient absorption, modulation of nutrient transporters, or loss of barrier function. In addition some mycotoxins facilitate persistence of intestinal pathogens and potentiate intestinal inflammation. By contrast, the effect of these fungal metabolites on the intestinal microbiota is largely unknown. This review focuses on mycotoxins which are of concern in terms of occurrence and toxicity, namely: aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins. Results from nearly 100 published experiments (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) were analyzed with a special attention to the doses used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb9578864f1e48afa2476e76cb7bb5b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2013-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb9578864f1e48afa2476e76cb7bb5b62022-12-22T04:22:25ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-02-015239643010.3390/toxins5020396Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in AnimalsTodd J. ApplegateBertrand GrenierMycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can cause serious health problems in animals, and may result in severe economic losses. Deleterious effects of these feed contaminants in animals are well documented, ranging from growth impairment, decreased resistance to pathogens, hepato- and nephrotoxicity to death. By contrast, data with regard to their impact on intestinal functions are more limited. However, intestinal cells are the first cells to be exposed to mycotoxins, and often at higher concentrations than other tissues. In addition, mycotoxins specifically target high protein turnover- and activated-cells, which are predominant in gut epithelium. Therefore, intestinal investigations have gained significant interest over the last decade, and some publications have demonstrated that mycotoxins are able to compromise several key functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including decreased surface area available for nutrient absorption, modulation of nutrient transporters, or loss of barrier function. In addition some mycotoxins facilitate persistence of intestinal pathogens and potentiate intestinal inflammation. By contrast, the effect of these fungal metabolites on the intestinal microbiota is largely unknown. This review focuses on mycotoxins which are of concern in terms of occurrence and toxicity, namely: aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins. Results from nearly 100 published experiments (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) were analyzed with a special attention to the doses used.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/2/396mycotoxingastrointestinal tractnutrientsgut permeabilitymucosal immunitygut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Todd J. Applegate Bertrand Grenier Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals Toxins mycotoxin gastrointestinal tract nutrients gut permeability mucosal immunity gut microbiota |
| title | Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals |
| title_full | Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals |
| title_fullStr | Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals |
| title_short | Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals |
| title_sort | modulation of intestinal functions following mycotoxin ingestion meta analysis of published experiments in animals |
| topic | mycotoxin gastrointestinal tract nutrients gut permeability mucosal immunity gut microbiota |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/2/396 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT toddjapplegate modulationofintestinalfunctionsfollowingmycotoxiningestionmetaanalysisofpublishedexperimentsinanimals AT bertrandgrenier modulationofintestinalfunctionsfollowingmycotoxiningestionmetaanalysisofpublishedexperimentsinanimals |