Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study
Introduction: Abnormalities in Complete Blood Count (CBC) are frequently observed in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. So, CBC can serve as a simple tool for the early diagnosis of COVID-19. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of CBC test in COVID-19 infection. Materials and Metho...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/17083/59495_CE(Vi)_F[SH]_PF1(AG_KM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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| author | Balamurugan Senthilnayagam Afrin Fathima Karthika Rajenderan S Preethi Khowsalya Subrajaa S Manjani |
| author_facet | Balamurugan Senthilnayagam Afrin Fathima Karthika Rajenderan S Preethi Khowsalya Subrajaa S Manjani |
| author_sort | Balamurugan Senthilnayagam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Abnormalities in Complete Blood Count (CBC) are frequently observed in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. So, CBC can serve as a simple tool for the early diagnosis of COVID-19.
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of CBC test in COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational single-centred, data were collected from 102 adult non critical care patients who presented with acute fever between May 2020 and December 2020. Among 102 patients’ data, 48 were found Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive (‘cases’) and 54 were RT-PCR negative (‘controls’). Non parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences in CBC. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CBC tests in COVID-19. For this, RT-PCR was used as the ‘gold standard’ and CBC as the index test. Area Under Curve (AUC) was determined for each of the CBC tests. All statistical analysis were done using Medcalc software.
Results: The mean age of cases was 48±14 years (62% males; 38% females) and controls was 45±15 years (55% males; 45% females). Median values for haemoglobin, haematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) were significantly higher (p-value <0.05) and total White Blood Cell (WBC) count, eosinophil differential count, absolute eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, immature granulocyte count were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients as compared to controls. Significant differences were observed for eosinophil (differential% and absolute) count. Almost all the platelet parameters were lower in COVID-19 patients (except Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio {NLR}), although the platelet count was only mildly reduced in the RT-PCR positive cases (133-475×103/μL; median-227.98×103/μL). Higher AUC values were observed with Eosinophil-differential%, Eosinophil-absolute count, Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) and NLR.
Conclusion: Eosinophil count and associated ratio (Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio) are diagnostically useful and can serve as biomarkers for COVID-19. Further larger studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanism and their clinical utility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:24:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb9ae942cc224fb686fe27ca755f7828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:24:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb9ae942cc224fb686fe27ca755f78282023-02-24T09:30:43ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-11-011611EC12EC1510.7860/JCDR/2022/59495.17083Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre StudyBalamurugan Senthilnayagam0Afrin Fathima1Karthika Rajenderan2S Preethi3Khowsalya Subrajaa4S Manjani5Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Introduction: Abnormalities in Complete Blood Count (CBC) are frequently observed in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. So, CBC can serve as a simple tool for the early diagnosis of COVID-19. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of CBC test in COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational single-centred, data were collected from 102 adult non critical care patients who presented with acute fever between May 2020 and December 2020. Among 102 patients’ data, 48 were found Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive (‘cases’) and 54 were RT-PCR negative (‘controls’). Non parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences in CBC. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CBC tests in COVID-19. For this, RT-PCR was used as the ‘gold standard’ and CBC as the index test. Area Under Curve (AUC) was determined for each of the CBC tests. All statistical analysis were done using Medcalc software. Results: The mean age of cases was 48±14 years (62% males; 38% females) and controls was 45±15 years (55% males; 45% females). Median values for haemoglobin, haematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) were significantly higher (p-value <0.05) and total White Blood Cell (WBC) count, eosinophil differential count, absolute eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, immature granulocyte count were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients as compared to controls. Significant differences were observed for eosinophil (differential% and absolute) count. Almost all the platelet parameters were lower in COVID-19 patients (except Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio {NLR}), although the platelet count was only mildly reduced in the RT-PCR positive cases (133-475×103/μL; median-227.98×103/μL). Higher AUC values were observed with Eosinophil-differential%, Eosinophil-absolute count, Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) and NLR. Conclusion: Eosinophil count and associated ratio (Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio) are diagnostically useful and can serve as biomarkers for COVID-19. Further larger studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanism and their clinical utility.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/17083/59495_CE(Vi)_F[SH]_PF1(AG_KM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdfbiomarkerscoronavirus disease-2019eary recognitionreverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| spellingShingle | Balamurugan Senthilnayagam Afrin Fathima Karthika Rajenderan S Preethi Khowsalya Subrajaa S Manjani Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research biomarkers coronavirus disease-2019 eary recognition reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| title | Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study |
| title_full | Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study |
| title_fullStr | Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study |
| title_short | Complete Blood Count (CBC) and CBC derived Ratios in Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-centre Study |
| title_sort | complete blood count cbc and cbc derived ratios in early diagnosis of covid 19 a retrospective single centre study |
| topic | biomarkers coronavirus disease-2019 eary recognition reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/17083/59495_CE(Vi)_F[SH]_PF1(AG_KM)_PFA(AG_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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