Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage
Biodeterioration is an increasingly widespread process of degradation in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage, which involves a combination of physical and chemical damages together with an aesthetic alteration of materials. For biological damage on monuments caused by pathogens, mac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4005 |
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| author | Andrea Macchia Romina Strangis Sara De Angelis Marica Cersosimo Antonella Docci Michela Ricca Bartolo Gabriele Raffaella Mancuso Mauro Francesco La Russa |
| author_facet | Andrea Macchia Romina Strangis Sara De Angelis Marica Cersosimo Antonella Docci Michela Ricca Bartolo Gabriele Raffaella Mancuso Mauro Francesco La Russa |
| author_sort | Andrea Macchia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodeterioration is an increasingly widespread process of degradation in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage, which involves a combination of physical and chemical damages together with an aesthetic alteration of materials. For biological damage on monuments caused by pathogens, macro- and microorganisms, chemical treatments are generally used, most of the time dangerous for the environment and for the operator. In this context, new eco-friendly products represent necessary tools for the treatment of biologically deteriorated stone surfaces and represent a new challenge in the field of restoration and conservation of materials of cultural interest. A relatively new class of unconventional green solvents are deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have peculiar chemical-physical characteristics such as being non-toxic, ecological, biodegradable, non-flammable, and stable in the presence of water. Furthermore, many DESs known in the literature have also been shown to have a biocidal action. All these characteristics make DESs very advantageous and safe, and they could be used as biocidal agents for the treatment of biodegraded surfaces of cultural heritage, being non-toxic for the environment and for the operator. So far, they are used in various fields, but they still represent a novel frontier in the cultural heritage sector. The present research aims at testing five different DESs for the first time in cultural heritage. In particular, DESs are applied to a mosaic located in the Ostia Antica Archaeological Park (Rome), and their efficiency is compared with a biocide product currently used in the restoration field, namely, Preventol RI50, through luminescence, bio-luminometry, and spectrocolorimetry analysis. The preliminary results achieved show the different behaviors of each DESs, highlighting the possibility of employing them in the field of cultural heritage. Further studies have been planned, some of which are already underway, to investigate the properties of DESs and indicate any improvements to make them more effective, both as solvents and as biocides, and easy to apply to various types of materials. The results obtained from this first study are very promising for the use of DES as a new green strategy for cleaning and conservation treatments of materials in the field of cultural heritage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:07:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fb9f3efe3b23481c8a6f6f502f9e5578 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:07:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-fb9f3efe3b23481c8a6f6f502f9e55782023-11-23T14:23:57ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-06-011511400510.3390/ma15114005Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural HeritageAndrea Macchia0Romina Strangis1Sara De Angelis2Marica Cersosimo3Antonella Docci4Michela Ricca5Bartolo Gabriele6Raffaella Mancuso7Mauro Francesco La Russa8Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyLaboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyYOCOCU (YOuth in COnservation of CUltural Heritage), Largo dei Quintili 21, 00175 Rome, ItalyYOCOCU (YOuth in COnservation of CUltural Heritage), Largo dei Quintili 21, 00175 Rome, ItalyArchaeological Park of Ostia Antica, Viale dei Romagnoli 717, 00119 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyLaboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyLaboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, ItalyBiodeterioration is an increasingly widespread process of degradation in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage, which involves a combination of physical and chemical damages together with an aesthetic alteration of materials. For biological damage on monuments caused by pathogens, macro- and microorganisms, chemical treatments are generally used, most of the time dangerous for the environment and for the operator. In this context, new eco-friendly products represent necessary tools for the treatment of biologically deteriorated stone surfaces and represent a new challenge in the field of restoration and conservation of materials of cultural interest. A relatively new class of unconventional green solvents are deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have peculiar chemical-physical characteristics such as being non-toxic, ecological, biodegradable, non-flammable, and stable in the presence of water. Furthermore, many DESs known in the literature have also been shown to have a biocidal action. All these characteristics make DESs very advantageous and safe, and they could be used as biocidal agents for the treatment of biodegraded surfaces of cultural heritage, being non-toxic for the environment and for the operator. So far, they are used in various fields, but they still represent a novel frontier in the cultural heritage sector. The present research aims at testing five different DESs for the first time in cultural heritage. In particular, DESs are applied to a mosaic located in the Ostia Antica Archaeological Park (Rome), and their efficiency is compared with a biocide product currently used in the restoration field, namely, Preventol RI50, through luminescence, bio-luminometry, and spectrocolorimetry analysis. The preliminary results achieved show the different behaviors of each DESs, highlighting the possibility of employing them in the field of cultural heritage. Further studies have been planned, some of which are already underway, to investigate the properties of DESs and indicate any improvements to make them more effective, both as solvents and as biocides, and easy to apply to various types of materials. The results obtained from this first study are very promising for the use of DES as a new green strategy for cleaning and conservation treatments of materials in the field of cultural heritage.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4005DESbiocidesgreen conservationcultural heritagebiodeteriorationsolvent |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Macchia Romina Strangis Sara De Angelis Marica Cersosimo Antonella Docci Michela Ricca Bartolo Gabriele Raffaella Mancuso Mauro Francesco La Russa Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage Materials DES biocides green conservation cultural heritage biodeterioration solvent |
| title | Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage |
| title_full | Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage |
| title_fullStr | Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage |
| title_short | Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Preliminary Results for Their Use Such as Biocides in the Building Cultural Heritage |
| title_sort | deep eutectic solvents dess preliminary results for their use such as biocides in the building cultural heritage |
| topic | DES biocides green conservation cultural heritage biodeterioration solvent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4005 |
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