Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents
This study is focused on different extractions (Cold Maceration (CM), Ultrasonic Extraction (UE), Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)) of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (<i>Punica Granatum</i> L.) fruit peels using methanol, ethanol, and acetone as solv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/928 |
| _version_ | 1797438089025552384 |
|---|---|
| author | Kaja Kupnik Maja Leitgeb Mateja Primožič Vesna Postružnik Petra Kotnik Nika Kučuk Željko Knez Maša Knez Marevci |
| author_facet | Kaja Kupnik Maja Leitgeb Mateja Primožič Vesna Postružnik Petra Kotnik Nika Kučuk Željko Knez Maša Knez Marevci |
| author_sort | Kaja Kupnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study is focused on different extractions (Cold Maceration (CM), Ultrasonic Extraction (UE), Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)) of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (<i>Punica Granatum</i> L.) fruit peels using methanol, ethanol, and acetone as solvents in conventional extractions and changing operating pressure (10, 15, 20, 25 MPa) in SFE, respectively. The extraction yields, total phenols (TP) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) contents, and antioxidant activity of different extracts are revealed. TP and PAC recovered by extracts ranged from 24.22 to 42.92 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 2.01 to 5.82 mg PAC/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts ranged from 84.70% to 94.35%. The phenolic compound identification and quantification in selective extracts was done using the LC-MS/MS method. The contents of different flavonoids and phenolic acids have been determined. SFE extract, obtained at 20 MPa, contained the highest content (11,561.84 μg/g) of analyzed total polyphenols, with predominant ellagic acid (7492.53 μg/g). For the first time, Microbial Growth Inhibition Rates (MGIRs) were determined at five different concentrations of pomegranate SFE extract against seven microorganisms. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) was determined as 2.7 mg/mL of SFE pomegranate peel extract in the case of five different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:32:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fba70571068c4fd7bbe1248a8e0a6081 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:32:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-fba70571068c4fd7bbe1248a8e0a60812023-11-30T23:50:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-03-0111792810.3390/plants11070928Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive ConstituentsKaja Kupnik0Maja Leitgeb1Mateja Primožič2Vesna Postružnik3Petra Kotnik4Nika Kučuk5Željko Knez6Maša Knez Marevci7Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaLaboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaThis study is focused on different extractions (Cold Maceration (CM), Ultrasonic Extraction (UE), Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)) of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (<i>Punica Granatum</i> L.) fruit peels using methanol, ethanol, and acetone as solvents in conventional extractions and changing operating pressure (10, 15, 20, 25 MPa) in SFE, respectively. The extraction yields, total phenols (TP) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) contents, and antioxidant activity of different extracts are revealed. TP and PAC recovered by extracts ranged from 24.22 to 42.92 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 2.01 to 5.82 mg PAC/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts ranged from 84.70% to 94.35%. The phenolic compound identification and quantification in selective extracts was done using the LC-MS/MS method. The contents of different flavonoids and phenolic acids have been determined. SFE extract, obtained at 20 MPa, contained the highest content (11,561.84 μg/g) of analyzed total polyphenols, with predominant ellagic acid (7492.53 μg/g). For the first time, Microbial Growth Inhibition Rates (MGIRs) were determined at five different concentrations of pomegranate SFE extract against seven microorganisms. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) was determined as 2.7 mg/mL of SFE pomegranate peel extract in the case of five different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/928antimicrobial activityantioxidantsbioactive compoundsextractionLC-MS/MSphenolics |
| spellingShingle | Kaja Kupnik Maja Leitgeb Mateja Primožič Vesna Postružnik Petra Kotnik Nika Kučuk Željko Knez Maša Knez Marevci Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents Plants antimicrobial activity antioxidants bioactive compounds extraction LC-MS/MS phenolics |
| title | Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents |
| title_full | Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents |
| title_fullStr | Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents |
| title_short | Supercritical Fluid and Conventional Extractions of High Value-Added Compounds from Pomegranate Peels Waste: Production, Quantification and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Constituents |
| title_sort | supercritical fluid and conventional extractions of high value added compounds from pomegranate peels waste production quantification and antimicrobial activity of bioactive constituents |
| topic | antimicrobial activity antioxidants bioactive compounds extraction LC-MS/MS phenolics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/928 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kajakupnik supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT majaleitgeb supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT matejaprimozic supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT vesnapostruznik supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT petrakotnik supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT nikakucuk supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT zeljkoknez supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents AT masaknezmarevci supercriticalfluidandconventionalextractionsofhighvalueaddedcompoundsfrompomegranatepeelswasteproductionquantificationandantimicrobialactivityofbioactiveconstituents |