The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions
The present study investigated the effect of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the water quality, oxidative status, and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) reared under biofloc conditions (BFT). Eight groups were established at two levels of s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/184 |
| _version_ | 1797411664270721024 |
|---|---|
| author | Ramy M. Shourbela Shymaa A. Khatab Mohamed M. Hassan Hien Van Doan Mahmoud A. O. Dawood |
| author_facet | Ramy M. Shourbela Shymaa A. Khatab Mohamed M. Hassan Hien Van Doan Mahmoud A. O. Dawood |
| author_sort | Ramy M. Shourbela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the effect of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the water quality, oxidative status, and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) reared under biofloc conditions (BFT). Eight groups were established at two levels of stocking densities (140 fish per m<sup>3</sup>: low stocking density, LSD) and (280 fish per m<sup>3</sup>: high stocking density, HSD) (5.15 ± 1.12 g) and kept in eight biofloc units containing water without carbon sources (control groups) or with glycerol, molasses, or starch. Red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were reduced in fish stocked in control groups at LSD and HSD than biofloc groups. Control fish groups reared at both LSD and HSD have the highest significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) white blood cells number than other fish groups. Meanwhile, fish groups that received glycerol, molasses, and starch maintained in both LSD and HSD presented a higher significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) monocyte % than in the control group reared at both LSD and HSD. The fish group reared in biofloc conditions (BFT) using starch carbon source and reared at the HSD presented a significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in total serum protein and albumin levels as well as globulin value than the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. The highest glucose and cortisol levels were showed in the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. Fish maintained in glycerol-based biofloc at LSD attained the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase than other experimental groups. Regarding the nonspecific immune status, significantly increased expression of CC-chemokines, CXC-chemokines, TLR7 and IL-8 genes was found in molasses based biofloc groups. The data of the present study revealed that using molasses promotes health status of Nile tilapia cultured in a biofloc system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fba80e1e5b404ced84c0b0a2fec44226 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fba80e1e5b404ced84c0b0a2fec442262023-12-03T13:13:02ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-01-0111118410.3390/ani11010184The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc ConditionsRamy M. Shourbela0Shymaa A. Khatab1Mohamed M. Hassan2Hien Van Doan3Mahmoud A. O. Dawood4Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, EgyptGenetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptThe present study investigated the effect of stocking density and dietary carbon sources on the water quality, oxidative status, and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) reared under biofloc conditions (BFT). Eight groups were established at two levels of stocking densities (140 fish per m<sup>3</sup>: low stocking density, LSD) and (280 fish per m<sup>3</sup>: high stocking density, HSD) (5.15 ± 1.12 g) and kept in eight biofloc units containing water without carbon sources (control groups) or with glycerol, molasses, or starch. Red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were reduced in fish stocked in control groups at LSD and HSD than biofloc groups. Control fish groups reared at both LSD and HSD have the highest significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) white blood cells number than other fish groups. Meanwhile, fish groups that received glycerol, molasses, and starch maintained in both LSD and HSD presented a higher significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) monocyte % than in the control group reared at both LSD and HSD. The fish group reared in biofloc conditions (BFT) using starch carbon source and reared at the HSD presented a significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in total serum protein and albumin levels as well as globulin value than the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. The highest glucose and cortisol levels were showed in the control fish group reared at both LSD and HSD. Fish maintained in glycerol-based biofloc at LSD attained the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase than other experimental groups. Regarding the nonspecific immune status, significantly increased expression of CC-chemokines, CXC-chemokines, TLR7 and IL-8 genes was found in molasses based biofloc groups. The data of the present study revealed that using molasses promotes health status of Nile tilapia cultured in a biofloc system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/184biofloccarbon sourcestress markers<i>Nile tilapia</i>stocking densitygene expression |
| spellingShingle | Ramy M. Shourbela Shymaa A. Khatab Mohamed M. Hassan Hien Van Doan Mahmoud A. O. Dawood The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions Animals biofloc carbon source stress markers <i>Nile tilapia</i> stocking density gene expression |
| title | The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions |
| title_full | The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions |
| title_short | The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of <i>Nile tilapia</i> (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Reared under Biofloc Conditions |
| title_sort | effect of stocking density and carbon sources on the oxidative status and nonspecific immunity of i nile tilapia i i oreochromis niloticus i reared under biofloc conditions |
| topic | biofloc carbon source stress markers <i>Nile tilapia</i> stocking density gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/184 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ramymshourbela theeffectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT shymaaakhatab theeffectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT mohamedmhassan theeffectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT hienvandoan theeffectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT mahmoudaodawood theeffectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT ramymshourbela effectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT shymaaakhatab effectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT mohamedmhassan effectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT hienvandoan effectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions AT mahmoudaodawood effectofstockingdensityandcarbonsourcesontheoxidativestatusandnonspecificimmunityofiniletilapiaiioreochromisniloticusirearedunderbioflocconditions |