Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins
We present a basin-scale method to assimilate hydrological data from remote-sensed flood evidence and map civil infrastructures with risk of flooding. As in many rural areas with a semi-arid climate, the studied catchments do not contain stream gauge, and precipitation data does not capture the spat...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/23/3434 |
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| author | José David del Moral-Erencia Patricio Bohorquez Pedro Jesus Jimenez-Ruiz Francisco José Pérez-Latorre |
| author_facet | José David del Moral-Erencia Patricio Bohorquez Pedro Jesus Jimenez-Ruiz Francisco José Pérez-Latorre |
| author_sort | José David del Moral-Erencia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a basin-scale method to assimilate hydrological data from remote-sensed flood evidence and map civil infrastructures with risk of flooding. As in many rural areas with a semi-arid climate, the studied catchments do not contain stream gauge, and precipitation data does not capture the spatial variability of extreme hydrological events. Remote-sensed flood evidence as slackwater sediments were available at the whole basin, allowing the paleohydrological reconstruction at many sites across the catchment. The agreement between the predicted and observed inundation area was excellent, with an error lower than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on average. In addition, the simulated elevations overlapped the observed values in the flooded areas, showing the accuracy of the method. The peak discharges that provoked floods recorded the spatial variability of the precipitation. The variation coefficients of the rainfall intensity were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>40</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the two studied basins with a mean precipitation rate of 3.1 and 4.6 mm/h, respectively. The assumption of spatially uniform precipitation leads to a mean error of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in evaluating the local water discharges. Satellite-based rainfall underpredicted the accumulated precipitation by 30–85.5%. Elaborating an inventory of the civil infrastructures at risk was straightforward by comparing the water surface elevation and transport network. The reconstructed maps of rainfall rate were used in the distributed hydrological model IBERPLUS to this end. Recent flood events that overtopped the infrastructures at risk verified our predictions. The proposed research methods can be easily applied and tested in basins with similar physical characteristics around the Mediterranean region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:43:04Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:43:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fbaeefac196d4bb0aef3e9c807dd60c22023-11-23T03:15:32ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-12-011323343410.3390/w13233434Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged BasinsJosé David del Moral-Erencia0Patricio Bohorquez1Pedro Jesus Jimenez-Ruiz2Francisco José Pérez-Latorre3Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, SpainCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, SpainÁrea de Mecánica de Fluidos, Dpto Ingeniería Mecánica y Minera, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, SpainÁrea de Mecánica de Fluidos, Dpto Ingeniería Mecánica y Minera, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Científico Tecnológico de Linares, 23700 Linares, SpainWe present a basin-scale method to assimilate hydrological data from remote-sensed flood evidence and map civil infrastructures with risk of flooding. As in many rural areas with a semi-arid climate, the studied catchments do not contain stream gauge, and precipitation data does not capture the spatial variability of extreme hydrological events. Remote-sensed flood evidence as slackwater sediments were available at the whole basin, allowing the paleohydrological reconstruction at many sites across the catchment. The agreement between the predicted and observed inundation area was excellent, with an error lower than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on average. In addition, the simulated elevations overlapped the observed values in the flooded areas, showing the accuracy of the method. The peak discharges that provoked floods recorded the spatial variability of the precipitation. The variation coefficients of the rainfall intensity were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>40</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the two studied basins with a mean precipitation rate of 3.1 and 4.6 mm/h, respectively. The assumption of spatially uniform precipitation leads to a mean error of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in evaluating the local water discharges. Satellite-based rainfall underpredicted the accumulated precipitation by 30–85.5%. Elaborating an inventory of the civil infrastructures at risk was straightforward by comparing the water surface elevation and transport network. The reconstructed maps of rainfall rate were used in the distributed hydrological model IBERPLUS to this end. Recent flood events that overtopped the infrastructures at risk verified our predictions. The proposed research methods can be easily applied and tested in basins with similar physical characteristics around the Mediterranean region.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/23/3434paleohydrologyshort-rain flooddistributed hydrological modelslackwater sedimentsflood risk mapping |
| spellingShingle | José David del Moral-Erencia Patricio Bohorquez Pedro Jesus Jimenez-Ruiz Francisco José Pérez-Latorre Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins Water paleohydrology short-rain flood distributed hydrological model slackwater sediments flood risk mapping |
| title | Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins |
| title_full | Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins |
| title_fullStr | Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins |
| title_short | Flood Hazard Mapping with Distributed Hydrological Simulations and Remote-Sensed Slackwater Sediments in Ungauged Basins |
| title_sort | flood hazard mapping with distributed hydrological simulations and remote sensed slackwater sediments in ungauged basins |
| topic | paleohydrology short-rain flood distributed hydrological model slackwater sediments flood risk mapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/23/3434 |
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