Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell
In biomedical research, there is an ongoing demand for new technologies to elucidate disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutics. This requires comprehensive understanding of cellular processes and their pathophysiology based on reliable information on abundance, localization, post-translation...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1701 |
| _version_ | 1827699592838250496 |
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| author | Teresa R. Wagner Ulrich Rothbauer |
| author_facet | Teresa R. Wagner Ulrich Rothbauer |
| author_sort | Teresa R. Wagner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In biomedical research, there is an ongoing demand for new technologies to elucidate disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutics. This requires comprehensive understanding of cellular processes and their pathophysiology based on reliable information on abundance, localization, post-translational modifications and dynamic interactions of cellular components. Traceable intracellular binding molecules provide new opportunities for real-time cellular diagnostics. Most prominently, intrabodies derived from antibody fragments of heavy-chain only antibodies of camelids (nanobodies) have emerged as highly versatile and attractive probes to study and manipulate antigens within the context of living cells. In this review, we provide an overview on the selection, delivery and usage of intrabodies to visualize and monitor cellular antigens in living cells and organisms. Additionally, we summarize recent advances in the development of intrabodies as cellular biosensors and their application to manipulate disease-related cellular processes. Finally, we highlight switchable intrabodies, which open entirely new possibilities for real-time cell-based diagnostics including live-cell imaging, target validation and generation of precisely controllable binding reagents for future therapeutic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbaf0859d4774250a4c0567309c6c25f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbaf0859d4774250a4c0567309c6c25f2023-11-21T01:57:08ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-12-011012170110.3390/biom10121701Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living CellTeresa R. Wagner0Ulrich Rothbauer1Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyPharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyIn biomedical research, there is an ongoing demand for new technologies to elucidate disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutics. This requires comprehensive understanding of cellular processes and their pathophysiology based on reliable information on abundance, localization, post-translational modifications and dynamic interactions of cellular components. Traceable intracellular binding molecules provide new opportunities for real-time cellular diagnostics. Most prominently, intrabodies derived from antibody fragments of heavy-chain only antibodies of camelids (nanobodies) have emerged as highly versatile and attractive probes to study and manipulate antigens within the context of living cells. In this review, we provide an overview on the selection, delivery and usage of intrabodies to visualize and monitor cellular antigens in living cells and organisms. Additionally, we summarize recent advances in the development of intrabodies as cellular biosensors and their application to manipulate disease-related cellular processes. Finally, we highlight switchable intrabodies, which open entirely new possibilities for real-time cell-based diagnostics including live-cell imaging, target validation and generation of precisely controllable binding reagents for future therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1701nanobodyintrabodyphage displaylive-cell imagingbiosensorstarget validation |
| spellingShingle | Teresa R. Wagner Ulrich Rothbauer Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell Biomolecules nanobody intrabody phage display live-cell imaging biosensors target validation |
| title | Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell |
| title_full | Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell |
| title_fullStr | Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell |
| title_short | Nanobodies Right in the Middle: Intrabodies as Toolbox to Visualize and Modulate Antigens in the Living Cell |
| title_sort | nanobodies right in the middle intrabodies as toolbox to visualize and modulate antigens in the living cell |
| topic | nanobody intrabody phage display live-cell imaging biosensors target validation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1701 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teresarwagner nanobodiesrightinthemiddleintrabodiesastoolboxtovisualizeandmodulateantigensinthelivingcell AT ulrichrothbauer nanobodiesrightinthemiddleintrabodiesastoolboxtovisualizeandmodulateantigensinthelivingcell |