Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars
Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Wild.) has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique nutritional, economic, and medicinal values. Meanwhile, quinoa germplasm resources and grain colors are rich and diverse. In this study, we analyzed the composition of primary and secondary...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12883 |
| _version_ | 1797468058122452992 |
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| author | Yongjiang Liu Junna Liu Li Li Ping Zhang Qianchao Wang Peng Qin |
| author_facet | Yongjiang Liu Junna Liu Li Li Ping Zhang Qianchao Wang Peng Qin |
| author_sort | Yongjiang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Wild.) has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique nutritional, economic, and medicinal values. Meanwhile, quinoa germplasm resources and grain colors are rich and diverse. In this study, we analyzed the composition of primary and secondary metabolites and the content of the grains of four different high-yield quinoa cultivars (black, red, white, and yellow) harvested 42 days after flowering. The grains were subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and transcriptome sequencing to identify the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Analysis of candidate genes regulating the metabolic differences among cultivars found that the metabolite profiles differed between white and black quinoa, and that there were also clear differences between red and yellow quinoa. It also revealed significantly altered amino acid, alkaloid, tannin, phenolic acid, and lipid profiles among the four quinoa cultivars. Six common enrichment pathways, including phenylpropane biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and ABC transporter, were common to metabolites and genes. Moreover, we identified key genes highly correlated with specific metabolites and clarified the relationship between them. Our results provide theoretical and practical references for breeding novel quinoa cultivars with superior quality, yield, and stress tolerance. Furthermore, these findings introduce an original approach of integrating genomics and transcriptomics for screening target genes that regulate the desirable traits of quinoa grain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:02:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbbc89add77e45698cdd6b9464c7fa40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:02:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbbc89add77e45698cdd6b9464c7fa402023-11-24T04:58:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-10-0123211288310.3390/ijms232112883Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors CultivarsYongjiang Liu0Junna Liu1Li Li2Ping Zhang3Qianchao Wang4Peng Qin5College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaQuinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Wild.) has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique nutritional, economic, and medicinal values. Meanwhile, quinoa germplasm resources and grain colors are rich and diverse. In this study, we analyzed the composition of primary and secondary metabolites and the content of the grains of four different high-yield quinoa cultivars (black, red, white, and yellow) harvested 42 days after flowering. The grains were subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and transcriptome sequencing to identify the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Analysis of candidate genes regulating the metabolic differences among cultivars found that the metabolite profiles differed between white and black quinoa, and that there were also clear differences between red and yellow quinoa. It also revealed significantly altered amino acid, alkaloid, tannin, phenolic acid, and lipid profiles among the four quinoa cultivars. Six common enrichment pathways, including phenylpropane biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and ABC transporter, were common to metabolites and genes. Moreover, we identified key genes highly correlated with specific metabolites and clarified the relationship between them. Our results provide theoretical and practical references for breeding novel quinoa cultivars with superior quality, yield, and stress tolerance. Furthermore, these findings introduce an original approach of integrating genomics and transcriptomics for screening target genes that regulate the desirable traits of quinoa grain.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12883quinoametabolomegrain differencetranscriptomequality |
| spellingShingle | Yongjiang Liu Junna Liu Li Li Ping Zhang Qianchao Wang Peng Qin Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars International Journal of Molecular Sciences quinoa metabolome grain difference transcriptome quality |
| title | Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars |
| title_full | Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars |
| title_short | Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars |
| title_sort | transcriptome and metabolome combined to analyze quinoa grain quality differences of different colors cultivars |
| topic | quinoa metabolome grain difference transcriptome quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12883 |
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