Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa
The low soil fertility status of South African marginal soils threatens sustainable production of biofuel feedstock in smallholder farmers. It is therefore imperative to development sustainable and optimal management practices that improve soil fertility. The objective of this study was to determine...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/776 |
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| author | Mashapa E. Malobane Adornis D. Nciizah Fhatuwani N. Mudau Isaiah I.C Wakindiki |
| author_facet | Mashapa E. Malobane Adornis D. Nciizah Fhatuwani N. Mudau Isaiah I.C Wakindiki |
| author_sort | Mashapa E. Malobane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The low soil fertility status of South African marginal soils threatens sustainable production of biofuel feedstock in smallholder farmers. It is therefore imperative to development sustainable and optimal management practices that improve soil fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage, rotation and crop residue management on nutrient availability in a bioenergy sweet sorghum-based cropping system in marginal soils. Two tillage levels, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); two crop rotations, sweet sorghum–grazing vetch–sweet sorghum (SVS) and sweet sorghum–fallow–sweet sorghum (SFS); and three crop residue retention levels, 0%, 15% and 30%, were tested. No-till enhanced total nitrogen, total organic nitrogen (TON), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) by 3.19% to 45% compared to CT. SVS rotation increased ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) by 3.42% to 5.98% compared to SFS. A 30% crop residue retention increased NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, available phosphorus (Available P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium (Ca), Mg and potassium (K) by 3.58% to 31.94% compared to crop residue removal. In the short term, a 30% crop residue retention was the main treatment that enhanced soil fertility. The application of NT−30% was a better practice to enhance soil fertility. However, research on inclusion of crop diversity/intercropping can add more value to the NT–30% practice in enhancing soil fertility. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:30:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbc4dff3ecc34fc88aa21596264687202023-11-20T02:15:34ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110677610.3390/agronomy10060776Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South AfricaMashapa E. Malobane0Adornis D. Nciizah1Fhatuwani N. Mudau2Isaiah I.C Wakindiki3Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, P. Bag X79, Pretoria 0083, South AfricaSoil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, P. Bag X79, Pretoria 0083, South AfricaDepartment of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaDepartment of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaThe low soil fertility status of South African marginal soils threatens sustainable production of biofuel feedstock in smallholder farmers. It is therefore imperative to development sustainable and optimal management practices that improve soil fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage, rotation and crop residue management on nutrient availability in a bioenergy sweet sorghum-based cropping system in marginal soils. Two tillage levels, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); two crop rotations, sweet sorghum–grazing vetch–sweet sorghum (SVS) and sweet sorghum–fallow–sweet sorghum (SFS); and three crop residue retention levels, 0%, 15% and 30%, were tested. No-till enhanced total nitrogen, total organic nitrogen (TON), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) by 3.19% to 45% compared to CT. SVS rotation increased ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) by 3.42% to 5.98% compared to SFS. A 30% crop residue retention increased NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, available phosphorus (Available P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium (Ca), Mg and potassium (K) by 3.58% to 31.94% compared to crop residue removal. In the short term, a 30% crop residue retention was the main treatment that enhanced soil fertility. The application of NT−30% was a better practice to enhance soil fertility. However, research on inclusion of crop diversity/intercropping can add more value to the NT–30% practice in enhancing soil fertility.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/776soil nitrogencation exchange capacityextractable basesfertilityconservation agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Mashapa E. Malobane Adornis D. Nciizah Fhatuwani N. Mudau Isaiah I.C Wakindiki Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa Agronomy soil nitrogen cation exchange capacity extractable bases fertility conservation agriculture |
| title | Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa |
| title_full | Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa |
| title_short | Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa |
| title_sort | tillage crop rotation and crop residue management effects on nutrient availability in a sweet sorghum based cropping system in marginal soils of south africa |
| topic | soil nitrogen cation exchange capacity extractable bases fertility conservation agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/776 |
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