Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment
This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NS...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/11/570 |
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| author | Hanan H. Youssef Sherif A. Younis Esraa M. El-Fawal Hager R. Ali Yasser M. Moustafa Gehad G. Mohamed |
| author_facet | Hanan H. Youssef Sherif A. Younis Esraa M. El-Fawal Hager R. Ali Yasser M. Moustafa Gehad G. Mohamed |
| author_sort | Hanan H. Youssef |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles. Based on the Standard Practice for Coagulation–Flocculation Jar Test, the efficiency of PACl for DOC and NSS removal was evaluated in relation to the effects of the operational parameters. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared PACl has an amorphous morphology with a Keggin-type e-Al13 molecular structure {Na[AlO<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>24</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]·xH<sub>2</sub>O and good thermal stability up to 278 °C. PACl coagulant also exhibited a higher efficiency for NSS removal than DOC by around 1.5- to 1.9-fold under broad pH (5–7), while a higher acidic/alkaline pH disrupts the sweep floc formation. An increased PACl dosage (over 25 mg/L) also caused a decrease in the coagulation efficiency by 11.7% due to Al species’ transformation and pH depression (from 6.8 to 4.9) via increased PACl hydrolysis. With a fast rotating speed of 280 rpm for 2 min, the minimum dose of PACl (10–25 mg/L) can maximize the removal efficiency of NSS (~98%) and DOC (~69%) at pH 6.5 ± 0.5 and 35 °C after 30 min of settling time. Treating actual saline PWW samples (salinity up to 187.7 g/L) also verified the high efficacy of PACl coagulation performance in reducing the turbidity and dissolved hydrocarbons by more than 75.5% and 67.7%, respectively. These findings verify the techno-economic feasibility of the as-prepared PACl coagulant in treating PWW treatment at different salinity levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:28:02Z |
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| id | doaj.art-fbc613b3f5c34f5da7efce214aae7c51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:28:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbc613b3f5c34f5da7efce214aae7c512023-11-24T15:06:10ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-11-01101157010.3390/separations10110570Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater TreatmentHanan H. Youssef0Sherif A. Younis1Esraa M. El-Fawal2Hager R. Ali3Yasser M. Moustafa4Gehad G. Mohamed5Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, EgyptAnalysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, EgyptAnalysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, EgyptAnalysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, EgyptAnalysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, EgyptChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptThis work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles. Based on the Standard Practice for Coagulation–Flocculation Jar Test, the efficiency of PACl for DOC and NSS removal was evaluated in relation to the effects of the operational parameters. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared PACl has an amorphous morphology with a Keggin-type e-Al13 molecular structure {Na[AlO<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>24</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]·xH<sub>2</sub>O and good thermal stability up to 278 °C. PACl coagulant also exhibited a higher efficiency for NSS removal than DOC by around 1.5- to 1.9-fold under broad pH (5–7), while a higher acidic/alkaline pH disrupts the sweep floc formation. An increased PACl dosage (over 25 mg/L) also caused a decrease in the coagulation efficiency by 11.7% due to Al species’ transformation and pH depression (from 6.8 to 4.9) via increased PACl hydrolysis. With a fast rotating speed of 280 rpm for 2 min, the minimum dose of PACl (10–25 mg/L) can maximize the removal efficiency of NSS (~98%) and DOC (~69%) at pH 6.5 ± 0.5 and 35 °C after 30 min of settling time. Treating actual saline PWW samples (salinity up to 187.7 g/L) also verified the high efficacy of PACl coagulation performance in reducing the turbidity and dissolved hydrocarbons by more than 75.5% and 67.7%, respectively. These findings verify the techno-economic feasibility of the as-prepared PACl coagulant in treating PWW treatment at different salinity levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/11/570waste aluminum foilpolyaluminum chloride (PACl)turbidityorganic hydrocarbonpetroleum wastewatercoagulation treatment |
| spellingShingle | Hanan H. Youssef Sherif A. Younis Esraa M. El-Fawal Hager R. Ali Yasser M. Moustafa Gehad G. Mohamed Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment Separations waste aluminum foil polyaluminum chloride (PACl) turbidity organic hydrocarbon petroleum wastewater coagulation treatment |
| title | Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment |
| title_full | Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment |
| title_short | Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment |
| title_sort | synthesis of polyaluminum chloride coagulant from waste aluminum foil and utilization in petroleum wastewater treatment |
| topic | waste aluminum foil polyaluminum chloride (PACl) turbidity organic hydrocarbon petroleum wastewater coagulation treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/11/570 |
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