The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016
Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009–2016. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syn...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034118303204 |
| _version_ | 1818240159337938944 |
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| author | Saverio Caini Doménica de Mora Maritza Olmedo Denisses Portugal María A. Becerra Marcela Mejía María C. Pacurucu Jenny Ojeda Guglielmo Bonaccorsi Chiara Lorini John Paget Alfredo Bruno |
| author_facet | Saverio Caini Doménica de Mora Maritza Olmedo Denisses Portugal María A. Becerra Marcela Mejía María C. Pacurucu Jenny Ojeda Guglielmo Bonaccorsi Chiara Lorini John Paget Alfredo Bruno |
| author_sort | Saverio Caini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009–2016. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses. Results: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR = 14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR = 9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December–January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38–2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57–0.98). Conclusions: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV. Keywords: Respiratory viral infections, Epidemiology, Age distribution, Case-fatality ratio, Ecuador |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:09:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbc6ac8386bb403aae8d68b705e731a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-0341 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:09:00Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbc6ac8386bb403aae8d68b705e731a12022-12-22T00:23:35ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412019-05-01123357363The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016Saverio Caini0Doménica de Mora1Maritza Olmedo2Denisses Portugal3María A. Becerra4Marcela Mejía5María C. Pacurucu6Jenny Ojeda7Guglielmo Bonaccorsi8Chiara Lorini9John Paget10Alfredo Bruno11Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Corresponding author at: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Otterstraat 118-124, 3513 CR Utrecht, The Netherlands.National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Guayaquil, EcuadorNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Guayaquil, EcuadorNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Guayaquil, EcuadorNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Quito, EcuadorNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Cuenca, EcuadorNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Cuenca, EcuadorMinistry of Public Health, Guayaquil, EcuadorUniversità degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, ItalyUniversità degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, ItalyNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The NetherlandsNational Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), Guayaquil, Ecuador; Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, EcuadorBackground: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009–2016. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses. Results: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR = 14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR = 9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December–January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38–2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57–0.98). Conclusions: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV. Keywords: Respiratory viral infections, Epidemiology, Age distribution, Case-fatality ratio, Ecuadorhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034118303204 |
| spellingShingle | Saverio Caini Doménica de Mora Maritza Olmedo Denisses Portugal María A. Becerra Marcela Mejía María C. Pacurucu Jenny Ojeda Guglielmo Bonaccorsi Chiara Lorini John Paget Alfredo Bruno The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| title | The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 |
| title_full | The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 |
| title_fullStr | The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 |
| title_short | The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016 |
| title_sort | epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country ecuador 2009 2016 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034118303204 |
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