Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect
To obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocy...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/662 |
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| author | Hossamaldin Ahmed Omer Abdalrhem Yueyue Pan Hongda Gu Xiang Ao Xiaohuan Ji Xiaoze Jiang Bin Sun |
| author_facet | Hossamaldin Ahmed Omer Abdalrhem Yueyue Pan Hongda Gu Xiang Ao Xiaohuan Ji Xiaoze Jiang Bin Sun |
| author_sort | Hossamaldin Ahmed Omer Abdalrhem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) through high temperature esterification known as hyperbranched DDP-THEIC (hbDT). The chemical structure of the synthesized hbDT was determined by FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and GPC, etc. Subsequently, hbDT/PET composites were prepared by co-blending, and the effects of hbDT on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion performance, and thermal degradation behavior of PET were explored to deeply analyze its flame retardant mechanism. The test results showed that hbDT was successfully synthesized, and that hbDT maintained thermal stability well with the required processing conditions of PET as retardant additives. The flame retardant efficiency of PET was clearly improved by the addition of hbDT via the synergistic flame-retardant effect of P and N elements. When the mass fraction of flame retardant was 5%, the LOI of the hbDT/PET composite increased to 30.2%, and the vertical combustion grade reached UL-94 V-0. Compared with pure PET, great decreased total heat release (decreased by 16.3%) and peak heat release rate (decreased by 54.9%) were exhibited. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of hbDT/PET was supposed, and it was confirmed that retardant effect happened in both the gas phase and condensed phase. This study is expected to provide a new idea for the development of low toxic, environment-friendly and highly efficient flame retardant additive for polyesters in an industry scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:28:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbccd554a22e4ff2aff51daa73268d42 |
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| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:28:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbccd554a22e4ff2aff51daa73268d422023-11-16T17:48:55ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-01-0115366210.3390/polym15030662Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic EffectHossamaldin Ahmed Omer Abdalrhem0Yueyue Pan1Hongda Gu2Xiang Ao3Xiaohuan Ji4Xiaoze Jiang5Bin Sun6State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaChangshu Polyester Co., Ltd., Changshu 215535, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaTo obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) through high temperature esterification known as hyperbranched DDP-THEIC (hbDT). The chemical structure of the synthesized hbDT was determined by FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and GPC, etc. Subsequently, hbDT/PET composites were prepared by co-blending, and the effects of hbDT on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion performance, and thermal degradation behavior of PET were explored to deeply analyze its flame retardant mechanism. The test results showed that hbDT was successfully synthesized, and that hbDT maintained thermal stability well with the required processing conditions of PET as retardant additives. The flame retardant efficiency of PET was clearly improved by the addition of hbDT via the synergistic flame-retardant effect of P and N elements. When the mass fraction of flame retardant was 5%, the LOI of the hbDT/PET composite increased to 30.2%, and the vertical combustion grade reached UL-94 V-0. Compared with pure PET, great decreased total heat release (decreased by 16.3%) and peak heat release rate (decreased by 54.9%) were exhibited. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of hbDT/PET was supposed, and it was confirmed that retardant effect happened in both the gas phase and condensed phase. This study is expected to provide a new idea for the development of low toxic, environment-friendly and highly efficient flame retardant additive for polyesters in an industry scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/662P-N synergistic flame retardantflame retardant mechanismblendingPEThyperbranched polyester |
| spellingShingle | Hossamaldin Ahmed Omer Abdalrhem Yueyue Pan Hongda Gu Xiang Ao Xiaohuan Ji Xiaoze Jiang Bin Sun Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect Polymers P-N synergistic flame retardant flame retardant mechanism blending PET hyperbranched polyester |
| title | Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect |
| title_full | Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect |
| title_short | Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect |
| title_sort | synthesis of dopo based phosphorus nitrogen containing hyperbranched flame retardant and its effective application for poly ethylene terephthalate via synergistic effect |
| topic | P-N synergistic flame retardant flame retardant mechanism blending PET hyperbranched polyester |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/662 |
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