Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan
Triclosan is a chlorinated biphenolic with a broad spectrum of antiseptic activities used in cosmetics and hygiene products. Continuous exposure can lead to absorption and bioaccumulation of this substance with harmful health effects. In fact, previous studies have shown that Triclosan acts as an en...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3559 |
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| author | Giuseppina Basini Francesca Grasselli Fausto Quintavalla Simona Bussolati Valentina Andreoli Alicia Maria Carrillo Heredero Simone Bertini |
| author_facet | Giuseppina Basini Francesca Grasselli Fausto Quintavalla Simona Bussolati Valentina Andreoli Alicia Maria Carrillo Heredero Simone Bertini |
| author_sort | Giuseppina Basini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triclosan is a chlorinated biphenolic with a broad spectrum of antiseptic activities used in cosmetics and hygiene products. Continuous exposure can lead to absorption and bioaccumulation of this substance with harmful health effects. In fact, previous studies have shown that Triclosan acts as an endocrine-disrupting chemical on reproductive organs, with consequent negative effects on reproductive physiology. Therefore, to assess potential adverse impacts on fertility, we tested Triclosan on swine granulosa cells, a model of endocrine reproductive cells. We examined its effects on the main features of granulosa cell functions such as cell growth (BrdU incorporation and ATP production) and steroidogenesis (17-β estradiol and progesterone secretion). Moreover, since oxidant–antioxidant balance plays a pivotal role in follicular function, redox status markers (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity) were studied. Our results show that Triclosan significantly inhibits cell growth (<i>p</i> < 0.001), steroidogenesis (<i>p</i> < 0.001), superoxide and nitric oxide production (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while it increases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enzymatic defense systems. Collectively, these data suggest a disruption of the main granulosa cell functions, i.e., proliferation and hormone production, as well as an imbalance in redox status. On these bases, we can speculate that Triclosan would impair granulosa cell functions, thus exerting negative effects on reproductive function. Further studies are needed to explore lower Triclosan concentrations and to unravel its mechanisms of action at gene level. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:25:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbd263e68a6148ceafc4c7fff6d61ec12023-11-24T12:51:52ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011224355910.3390/ani12243559Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by TriclosanGiuseppina Basini0Francesca Grasselli1Fausto Quintavalla2Simona Bussolati3Valentina Andreoli4Alicia Maria Carrillo Heredero5Simone Bertini6Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyTriclosan is a chlorinated biphenolic with a broad spectrum of antiseptic activities used in cosmetics and hygiene products. Continuous exposure can lead to absorption and bioaccumulation of this substance with harmful health effects. In fact, previous studies have shown that Triclosan acts as an endocrine-disrupting chemical on reproductive organs, with consequent negative effects on reproductive physiology. Therefore, to assess potential adverse impacts on fertility, we tested Triclosan on swine granulosa cells, a model of endocrine reproductive cells. We examined its effects on the main features of granulosa cell functions such as cell growth (BrdU incorporation and ATP production) and steroidogenesis (17-β estradiol and progesterone secretion). Moreover, since oxidant–antioxidant balance plays a pivotal role in follicular function, redox status markers (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity) were studied. Our results show that Triclosan significantly inhibits cell growth (<i>p</i> < 0.001), steroidogenesis (<i>p</i> < 0.001), superoxide and nitric oxide production (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while it increases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enzymatic defense systems. Collectively, these data suggest a disruption of the main granulosa cell functions, i.e., proliferation and hormone production, as well as an imbalance in redox status. On these bases, we can speculate that Triclosan would impair granulosa cell functions, thus exerting negative effects on reproductive function. Further studies are needed to explore lower Triclosan concentrations and to unravel its mechanisms of action at gene level.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3559ovarysteroidogenesiscell proliferationfree radicalsoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppina Basini Francesca Grasselli Fausto Quintavalla Simona Bussolati Valentina Andreoli Alicia Maria Carrillo Heredero Simone Bertini Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan Animals ovary steroidogenesis cell proliferation free radicals oxidative stress |
| title | Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan |
| title_full | Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan |
| title_fullStr | Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan |
| title_short | Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan |
| title_sort | redox status estrogen and progesterone production by swine granulosa cells are impaired by triclosan |
| topic | ovary steroidogenesis cell proliferation free radicals oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3559 |
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