The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein
Much of plant development depends on cell-to-cell redistribution of the plant hormone auxin, which is facilitated by the plasma membrane (PM) localized PIN FORMED (PIN) proteins. Auxin export activity, developmental roles, subcellular trafficking, and polarity of PINs have been well studied, but the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6352 |
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| author | Veronika Bilanovičová Nikola Rýdza Lilla Koczka Martin Hess Elena Feraru Jiří Friml Tomasz Nodzyński |
| author_facet | Veronika Bilanovičová Nikola Rýdza Lilla Koczka Martin Hess Elena Feraru Jiří Friml Tomasz Nodzyński |
| author_sort | Veronika Bilanovičová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Much of plant development depends on cell-to-cell redistribution of the plant hormone auxin, which is facilitated by the plasma membrane (PM) localized PIN FORMED (PIN) proteins. Auxin export activity, developmental roles, subcellular trafficking, and polarity of PINs have been well studied, but their structure remains elusive besides a rough outline that they contain two groups of 5 alpha-helices connected by a large hydrophilic loop (HL). Here, we focus on the PIN1 HL as we could produce it in sufficient quantities for biochemical investigations to provide insights into its secondary structure. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed its nature as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), manifested by the increase of structure content upon thermal melting. Consistent with IDPs serving as interaction platforms, PIN1 loops homodimerize. PIN1 HL cytoplasmic overexpression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> disrupts early endocytic trafficking of PIN1 and PIN2 and causes defects in the cotyledon vasculature formation. In summary, we demonstrate that PIN1 HL has an intrinsically disordered nature, which must be considered to gain further structural insights. Some secondary structures may form transiently during pairing with known and yet-to-be-discovered interactors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbe01d4bd566481098c604ed234ebc51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbe01d4bd566481098c604ed234ebc512023-11-23T14:14:06ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012311635210.3390/ijms23116352The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered ProteinVeronika Bilanovičová0Nikola Rýdza1Lilla Koczka2Martin Hess3Elena Feraru4Jiří Friml5Tomasz Nodzyński6Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicMendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicMendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicMendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, BelgiumMendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicMuch of plant development depends on cell-to-cell redistribution of the plant hormone auxin, which is facilitated by the plasma membrane (PM) localized PIN FORMED (PIN) proteins. Auxin export activity, developmental roles, subcellular trafficking, and polarity of PINs have been well studied, but their structure remains elusive besides a rough outline that they contain two groups of 5 alpha-helices connected by a large hydrophilic loop (HL). Here, we focus on the PIN1 HL as we could produce it in sufficient quantities for biochemical investigations to provide insights into its secondary structure. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed its nature as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), manifested by the increase of structure content upon thermal melting. Consistent with IDPs serving as interaction platforms, PIN1 loops homodimerize. PIN1 HL cytoplasmic overexpression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> disrupts early endocytic trafficking of PIN1 and PIN2 and causes defects in the cotyledon vasculature formation. In summary, we demonstrate that PIN1 HL has an intrinsically disordered nature, which must be considered to gain further structural insights. Some secondary structures may form transiently during pairing with known and yet-to-be-discovered interactors.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6352PIN1hydrophilic hoopdimerizationintrinsic disordersubcellular trafficking |
| spellingShingle | Veronika Bilanovičová Nikola Rýdza Lilla Koczka Martin Hess Elena Feraru Jiří Friml Tomasz Nodzyński The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein International Journal of Molecular Sciences PIN1 hydrophilic hoop dimerization intrinsic disorder subcellular trafficking |
| title | The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein |
| title_full | The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein |
| title_fullStr | The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein |
| title_short | The Hydrophilic Loop of <i>Arabidopsis</i> PIN1 Auxin Efflux Carrier Harbors Hallmarks of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein |
| title_sort | hydrophilic loop of i arabidopsis i pin1 auxin efflux carrier harbors hallmarks of an intrinsically disordered protein |
| topic | PIN1 hydrophilic hoop dimerization intrinsic disorder subcellular trafficking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6352 |
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