Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies
<i>Arnica montana</i> is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. While the anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos) has been extensively studied, that of the whole plant (Arnicae planta tota) is less characterized. We compared the ability of Arnicae planta tot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1348 |
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| author | Johann Röhrl Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs Manuela Jaklin Markus Werner Oliver Werz Heinke Josef Hubert Hölz Aldo Ammendola Gerald Künstle |
| author_facet | Johann Röhrl Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs Manuela Jaklin Markus Werner Oliver Werz Heinke Josef Hubert Hölz Aldo Ammendola Gerald Künstle |
| author_sort | Johann Röhrl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Arnica montana</i> is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. While the anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos) has been extensively studied, that of the whole plant (Arnicae planta tota) is less characterized. We compared the ability of Arnicae planta tota and Arnicae flos extracts to inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB—eicosanoid pathway, using several <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays. We showed that Arnicae planta tota inhibited NF-κB reporter activation, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 15.4 μg/mL (vs. 52.5 μg/mL for Arnicae flos). Arnicae planta tota also inhibited LPS-induced expression of ALOX5 and PTGS2 genes in human differentiated macrophages. ALOX5 and PTGS2 encode the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes that initialize the conversion of arachidonic acid into leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively. Arnicae planta tota inhibited 5-LO and COX-2 enzymatic activity <i>in vitro</i> and in human primary peripheral blood cells, with lower IC<sub>50</sub> compared to Arnicae flos. Finally, Arnicae planta tota applied topically reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema more efficiently than Arnicae flos. Altogether, Arnicae planta tota displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to Arnicae flos, suggesting that Arnicae-planta-tota-containing products might be more effective in alleviating the manifestations of acute inflammation than those based on Arnicae flos alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbf4984b279641ed8810309dca72a1e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbf4984b279641ed8810309dca72a1e82023-11-17T13:22:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126134810.3390/plants12061348Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model StudiesJohann Röhrl0Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs1Manuela Jaklin2Markus Werner3Oliver Werz4Heinke Josef5Hubert Hölz6Aldo Ammendola7Gerald Künstle8Preclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandPreclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandPreclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandDepartment of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, GermanyQuality Control, Weleda AG, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, GermanyQuality Control, Weleda AG, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, GermanyResearch and Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandPreclinical Development, Weleda AG, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland<i>Arnica montana</i> is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. While the anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos) has been extensively studied, that of the whole plant (Arnicae planta tota) is less characterized. We compared the ability of Arnicae planta tota and Arnicae flos extracts to inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB—eicosanoid pathway, using several <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays. We showed that Arnicae planta tota inhibited NF-κB reporter activation, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 15.4 μg/mL (vs. 52.5 μg/mL for Arnicae flos). Arnicae planta tota also inhibited LPS-induced expression of ALOX5 and PTGS2 genes in human differentiated macrophages. ALOX5 and PTGS2 encode the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes that initialize the conversion of arachidonic acid into leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively. Arnicae planta tota inhibited 5-LO and COX-2 enzymatic activity <i>in vitro</i> and in human primary peripheral blood cells, with lower IC<sub>50</sub> compared to Arnicae flos. Finally, Arnicae planta tota applied topically reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema more efficiently than Arnicae flos. Altogether, Arnicae planta tota displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to Arnicae flos, suggesting that Arnicae-planta-tota-containing products might be more effective in alleviating the manifestations of acute inflammation than those based on Arnicae flos alone.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1348<i>Arnica montana</i> planta tota<i>Arnica montana</i> flosinflammationNF-κBleukotrienesprostaglandins |
| spellingShingle | Johann Röhrl Maria-Riera Piqué-Borràs Manuela Jaklin Markus Werner Oliver Werz Heinke Josef Hubert Hölz Aldo Ammendola Gerald Künstle Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies Plants <i>Arnica montana</i> planta tota <i>Arnica montana</i> flos inflammation NF-κB leukotrienes prostaglandins |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Arnica montana</i> Planta Tota versus Flower Extracts: Analytical, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Paw Oedema Model Studies |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory activities of i arnica montana i planta tota versus flower extracts analytical i in vitro i and i in vivo i mouse paw oedema model studies |
| topic | <i>Arnica montana</i> planta tota <i>Arnica montana</i> flos inflammation NF-κB leukotrienes prostaglandins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1348 |
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