Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status
Background: <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the <i>Pneumocystis</i> infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1851 |
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| author | Rumen Harizanov Nina Tsvetkova Aleksandra Ivanova Raina Enikova Mihaela Videnova Iskra Rainova Eleonora Kaneva Iskren Kaftandjiev Dimitar Strashimirov Nina Yancheva-Petrova Ivan Simeonovski Viktoria Levterova Nikolay Yanev |
| author_facet | Rumen Harizanov Nina Tsvetkova Aleksandra Ivanova Raina Enikova Mihaela Videnova Iskra Rainova Eleonora Kaneva Iskren Kaftandjiev Dimitar Strashimirov Nina Yancheva-Petrova Ivan Simeonovski Viktoria Levterova Nikolay Yanev |
| author_sort | Rumen Harizanov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the <i>Pneumocystis</i> infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> infection in human hosts with different immune status (immunocompromised and immunocompetent), using molecular diagnostic methods, and to compare their diagnostic value with that of classical staining methods. Methods: We used the collected-to-this-moment data from a prospective study on the prevalence of pneumocystosis among the Bulgarian population. Clinical specimens (including throat secretions, induced sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage) collected from 220 patients suspected of PCP (153 immunocompetent and 67 immunocompromised patients) were examined with microscopic staining methods and real-time PCR for detection of <i>P. jirovecii.</i> Results: DNA of the pathogen was detected in 38 (17%) specimens (32 immunocompromised patients and 6 immunocompetent subjects). From all 220 clinical samples examined by staining methods, only five (2%) <i>P. jirovecii</i> cysts were detected by the Gomori stain. All patients with PCP were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but in ten of them (HIV-positive patients), the disease had a fatal outcome. Conclusions: This study is the first in Bulgaria including the main available laboratory methods for diagnosis of human pneumocystosis. Regarding the etiological diagnosis of PCP, in our study the sensitivity of real-time PCR was higher compared to the staining methods. The choice of a method for sample collection and examination has an important role in the efficiency of the laboratory diagnostics. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbf5010653a34d2e92088cf0d13e7d92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbf5010653a34d2e92088cf0d13e7d922023-11-18T18:25:53ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-06-01117185110.3390/biomedicines11071851Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune StatusRumen Harizanov0Nina Tsvetkova1Aleksandra Ivanova2Raina Enikova3Mihaela Videnova4Iskra Rainova5Eleonora Kaneva6Iskren Kaftandjiev7Dimitar Strashimirov8Nina Yancheva-Petrova9Ivan Simeonovski10Viktoria Levterova11Nikolay Yanev12Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment for AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ivan Geshev Blvd. 17, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment for AIDS, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ivan Geshev Blvd. 17, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd., 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Bronchology, University Multi-Profile Hospital (UMBAL) for Active Treatment of Lung Diseases “Sveti Ivan Rilski” EAD, Ivan Geshev Blvd. 19, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaBackground: <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the <i>Pneumocystis</i> infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> infection in human hosts with different immune status (immunocompromised and immunocompetent), using molecular diagnostic methods, and to compare their diagnostic value with that of classical staining methods. Methods: We used the collected-to-this-moment data from a prospective study on the prevalence of pneumocystosis among the Bulgarian population. Clinical specimens (including throat secretions, induced sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage) collected from 220 patients suspected of PCP (153 immunocompetent and 67 immunocompromised patients) were examined with microscopic staining methods and real-time PCR for detection of <i>P. jirovecii.</i> Results: DNA of the pathogen was detected in 38 (17%) specimens (32 immunocompromised patients and 6 immunocompetent subjects). From all 220 clinical samples examined by staining methods, only five (2%) <i>P. jirovecii</i> cysts were detected by the Gomori stain. All patients with PCP were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but in ten of them (HIV-positive patients), the disease had a fatal outcome. Conclusions: This study is the first in Bulgaria including the main available laboratory methods for diagnosis of human pneumocystosis. Regarding the etiological diagnosis of PCP, in our study the sensitivity of real-time PCR was higher compared to the staining methods. The choice of a method for sample collection and examination has an important role in the efficiency of the laboratory diagnostics.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1851<i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumoniaimmunitygenetic techniquesmicroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Rumen Harizanov Nina Tsvetkova Aleksandra Ivanova Raina Enikova Mihaela Videnova Iskra Rainova Eleonora Kaneva Iskren Kaftandjiev Dimitar Strashimirov Nina Yancheva-Petrova Ivan Simeonovski Viktoria Levterova Nikolay Yanev Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status Biomedicines <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia immunity genetic techniques microscopy |
| title | Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status |
| title_full | Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status |
| title_short | Study on the Prevalence of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status |
| title_sort | study on the prevalence of i pneumocystis jirovecii i as a causative agent of lung pathology in people with different immune status |
| topic | <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia immunity genetic techniques microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1851 |
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