Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures
Certain disadvantages could have appeared while using hot mix asphalt (HMA), such as the release of unhealthy gases into the environment (environmental issues), difficulty in sustaining the temperature over long distances (logistical issues), and consuming a sufficient amount of energy while prepari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2022.1074738/full |
| _version_ | 1797943683756064768 |
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| author | Anmar Dulaimi Anmar Dulaimi Shaker Qaidi Shaker Qaidi Shakir Al-Busaltan Abdalrhman Milad Monower Sadique Mustafa Amoori Kadhim Ruqayah Al-Khafaji Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri |
| author_facet | Anmar Dulaimi Anmar Dulaimi Shaker Qaidi Shaker Qaidi Shakir Al-Busaltan Abdalrhman Milad Monower Sadique Mustafa Amoori Kadhim Ruqayah Al-Khafaji Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri |
| author_sort | Anmar Dulaimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Certain disadvantages could have appeared while using hot mix asphalt (HMA), such as the release of unhealthy gases into the environment (environmental issues), difficulty in sustaining the temperature over long distances (logistical issues), and consuming a sufficient amount of energy while preparing and laying down (practical and economic issues). To overcome the aforementioned issues, this study aimed to develop rapid-curing emulsified asphalt cold mixes (EACM) comprising a cementitious filler made from industrial by-product materials. Paper sludge ash (PSA) is used as an active filler for application in the EACM rather than conventional mineral filler. Additionally, to maximize the effect of PSA’s hydraulic activity, incinerated sewage ash (ISA) is utilized as an activator at a concentration of 0%–4% by mass of the aggregates. The results demonstrate that the use of waste PSA significantly improves the indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) by around 10 times more after 2 days than the traditional emulsified asphalt cold mixes. In addition, the improvement in ITSM was around 30% and 65% for 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes, respectively. Furthermore, the rutting for the 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes decreased to around 19% and 11% in comparison to the traditional 131-pen HMA. The formation of hydration products and rapid demulsification of asphalt emulsion, which results in binding within the mixtures, are responsible for the increased ITSM and rutting resistance. As a result, environmental issues are minimized, and energy preservation may be maintained. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:28:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbf6afcee01b4994be98e11002519aa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:28:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbf6afcee01b4994be98e11002519aa62023-01-25T08:45:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162023-01-01910.3389/fmats.2022.10747381074738Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixturesAnmar Dulaimi0Anmar Dulaimi1Shaker Qaidi2Shaker Qaidi3Shakir Al-Busaltan4Abdalrhman Milad5Monower Sadique6Mustafa Amoori Kadhim7Ruqayah Al-Khafaji8Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri9College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Ministry of Education, Karbala, IraqSchool of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Duhok, Duhok, IraqDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Nawroz University, Duhok, IraqDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Ad-Dakhliyah, OmanSchool of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, IraqDepartment of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq0Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, RussiaCertain disadvantages could have appeared while using hot mix asphalt (HMA), such as the release of unhealthy gases into the environment (environmental issues), difficulty in sustaining the temperature over long distances (logistical issues), and consuming a sufficient amount of energy while preparing and laying down (practical and economic issues). To overcome the aforementioned issues, this study aimed to develop rapid-curing emulsified asphalt cold mixes (EACM) comprising a cementitious filler made from industrial by-product materials. Paper sludge ash (PSA) is used as an active filler for application in the EACM rather than conventional mineral filler. Additionally, to maximize the effect of PSA’s hydraulic activity, incinerated sewage ash (ISA) is utilized as an activator at a concentration of 0%–4% by mass of the aggregates. The results demonstrate that the use of waste PSA significantly improves the indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) by around 10 times more after 2 days than the traditional emulsified asphalt cold mixes. In addition, the improvement in ITSM was around 30% and 65% for 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes, respectively. Furthermore, the rutting for the 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes decreased to around 19% and 11% in comparison to the traditional 131-pen HMA. The formation of hydration products and rapid demulsification of asphalt emulsion, which results in binding within the mixtures, are responsible for the increased ITSM and rutting resistance. As a result, environmental issues are minimized, and energy preservation may be maintained.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2022.1074738/fullemulsified asphalt cold mixessewage ashstiffness modulussustainabilitypaper sludge ash |
| spellingShingle | Anmar Dulaimi Anmar Dulaimi Shaker Qaidi Shaker Qaidi Shakir Al-Busaltan Abdalrhman Milad Monower Sadique Mustafa Amoori Kadhim Ruqayah Al-Khafaji Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures Frontiers in Materials emulsified asphalt cold mixes sewage ash stiffness modulus sustainability paper sludge ash |
| title | Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| title_full | Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| title_fullStr | Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| title_short | Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| title_sort | application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures |
| topic | emulsified asphalt cold mixes sewage ash stiffness modulus sustainability paper sludge ash |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2022.1074738/full |
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