Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer
In an effort to mitigate the harm caused by the irregular use of agrochemicals, a safer release system using biopolymers is promising due to their availability, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness. Herein, controlled-release materials for NPK fertilizer were formulated using clay-based graft biop...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Limited
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5133023 |
| _version_ | 1827079968493928448 |
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| author | Nobert J. Jindor Eric S. Agorku Anthony A. Adimado |
| author_facet | Nobert J. Jindor Eric S. Agorku Anthony A. Adimado |
| author_sort | Nobert J. Jindor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In an effort to mitigate the harm caused by the irregular use of agrochemicals, a safer release system using biopolymers is promising due to their availability, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness. Herein, controlled-release materials for NPK fertilizer were formulated using clay-based graft biopolymer composites. The clay soil sample was collected and classified through Skempton’s laboratory tests for soils and used as filler in starch-grafted sodium alginate (ST-g-SAG) with different percentages of clay. The clay-based graft biopolymer composites were synthesized via a microwave-assisted method. The biopolymer composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The materials were loaded with NPK fertilizer, and a leaching test was conducted via a conductometric method to ascertain their release capacities. Biodegradation studies and the effect of humidity on the release of the NPK fertilizer were studied. Results of classification studies of the clay show Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) type. The average percent graft yield of starch-grafted sodium alginate/Ca-MMT (ST-g-SAG/Ca-MMT) was 83%. The results from FTIR and EDS showed that OH-, COO-, and CONH2 were responsible for the absorption of water. The release profile of the active NPK in the biocomposites ranged from 1% to 103%. Biodegradation results also showed a significant breakdown in biopolymer structure and mass loss. The release of active NPK from the material was humidity-responsive. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:34:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fbfc65d485d440c4a39751724d0c59f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1687-7675 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-20T02:53:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-fbfc65d485d440c4a39751724d0c59f32024-10-03T07:26:06ZengHindawi LimitedApplied and Environmental Soil Science1687-76752023-01-01202310.1155/2023/5133023Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK FertilizerNobert J. Jindor0Eric S. Agorku1Anthony A. Adimado2Department of ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryIn an effort to mitigate the harm caused by the irregular use of agrochemicals, a safer release system using biopolymers is promising due to their availability, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness. Herein, controlled-release materials for NPK fertilizer were formulated using clay-based graft biopolymer composites. The clay soil sample was collected and classified through Skempton’s laboratory tests for soils and used as filler in starch-grafted sodium alginate (ST-g-SAG) with different percentages of clay. The clay-based graft biopolymer composites were synthesized via a microwave-assisted method. The biopolymer composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The materials were loaded with NPK fertilizer, and a leaching test was conducted via a conductometric method to ascertain their release capacities. Biodegradation studies and the effect of humidity on the release of the NPK fertilizer were studied. Results of classification studies of the clay show Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) type. The average percent graft yield of starch-grafted sodium alginate/Ca-MMT (ST-g-SAG/Ca-MMT) was 83%. The results from FTIR and EDS showed that OH-, COO-, and CONH2 were responsible for the absorption of water. The release profile of the active NPK in the biocomposites ranged from 1% to 103%. Biodegradation results also showed a significant breakdown in biopolymer structure and mass loss. The release of active NPK from the material was humidity-responsive.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5133023 |
| spellingShingle | Nobert J. Jindor Eric S. Agorku Anthony A. Adimado Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| title | Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer |
| title_full | Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer |
| title_fullStr | Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer |
| title_short | Starch-Grafted Sodium Alginate-Modified Clay Composites as Environmentally Controlled-Release Materials for NPK Fertilizer |
| title_sort | starch grafted sodium alginate modified clay composites as environmentally controlled release materials for npk fertilizer |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5133023 |
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