Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK
Deprived communities in many cities are exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution, and there is increasing evidence of similar disparities for indoor air pollution exposure. There is a need to understand the drivers for this exposure disparity in order to develop effective interventions aime...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Ubiquity Press
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Buildings & Cities |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/100 |
| _version_ | 1827848076309561344 |
|---|---|
| author | Lauren Ferguson Jonathon Taylor Ke Zhou Clive Shrubsole Phil Symonds Mike Davies Sani Dimitroulopoulou |
| author_facet | Lauren Ferguson Jonathon Taylor Ke Zhou Clive Shrubsole Phil Symonds Mike Davies Sani Dimitroulopoulou |
| author_sort | Lauren Ferguson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deprived communities in many cities are exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution, and there is increasing evidence of similar disparities for indoor air pollution exposure. There is a need to understand the drivers for this exposure disparity in order to develop effective interventions aimed at improving population health and reducing health inequities. With a focus on London, UK, this paper assembles evidence to examine why indoor exposure to PM2.5, NOx and CO may disproportionately impact low-income groups. In particular, five factors are explored, namely: housing location and ambient outdoor levels of pollution; housing characteristics, including ventilation properties and internal sources of pollution; occupant behaviours; time spent indoors; and underlying health conditions. Evidence is drawn from various sources, including building physics models, modelled outdoor air pollution levels, time–activity surveys, housing stock surveys, geographical data, and peer-reviewed research. A systems framework is then proposed to integrate these factors, highlighting how exposure to high levels of indoor air pollution in low-income homes is in large part due to factors beyond the control of occupants, and is therefore an area of systemic inequality. 'Policy relevance' There is increasing public and political awareness of the impact of air pollution on public health. Strong scientific evidence links exposure to air pollution with morbidity and mortality. Deprived communities may be more affected, however, with limited evidence on how deprivation may influence their personal exposure to air pollution, both outdoors and indoors. This paper describes different factors that may lead to low-income households being exposed to higher levels of indoor air pollution than the general population, using available data and models for London (i.e. living in areas of higher outdoor air pollution, in poor-quality housing, undertaking more pollution-generating activities indoors and spending more time indoors). A systems approach is used to show how these factors lead to systemic exposure inequalities, with low-income households having limited opportunities to improve their indoor air quality. This paper can inform actions and public policies to reduce environmental health inequalities, considering both indoor and outdoor air. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:40:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc0544ab8af44841946b0d659bafcb8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2632-6655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:40:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Ubiquity Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings & Cities |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc0544ab8af44841946b0d659bafcb8a2023-09-02T13:17:44ZengUbiquity PressBuildings & Cities2632-66552021-05-012110.5334/bc.10069Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UKLauren Ferguson0Jonathon Taylor1Ke Zhou2Clive Shrubsole3Phil Symonds4Mike Davies5Sani Dimitroulopoulou6UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, LondonUCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK; Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, TampereUCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, LondonEnvironmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, Public Health England; UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, LondonUCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, LondonUCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources, University College London, LondonEnvironmental Hazards and Emergencies Department, Public Health EnglandDeprived communities in many cities are exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution, and there is increasing evidence of similar disparities for indoor air pollution exposure. There is a need to understand the drivers for this exposure disparity in order to develop effective interventions aimed at improving population health and reducing health inequities. With a focus on London, UK, this paper assembles evidence to examine why indoor exposure to PM2.5, NOx and CO may disproportionately impact low-income groups. In particular, five factors are explored, namely: housing location and ambient outdoor levels of pollution; housing characteristics, including ventilation properties and internal sources of pollution; occupant behaviours; time spent indoors; and underlying health conditions. Evidence is drawn from various sources, including building physics models, modelled outdoor air pollution levels, time–activity surveys, housing stock surveys, geographical data, and peer-reviewed research. A systems framework is then proposed to integrate these factors, highlighting how exposure to high levels of indoor air pollution in low-income homes is in large part due to factors beyond the control of occupants, and is therefore an area of systemic inequality. 'Policy relevance' There is increasing public and political awareness of the impact of air pollution on public health. Strong scientific evidence links exposure to air pollution with morbidity and mortality. Deprived communities may be more affected, however, with limited evidence on how deprivation may influence their personal exposure to air pollution, both outdoors and indoors. This paper describes different factors that may lead to low-income households being exposed to higher levels of indoor air pollution than the general population, using available data and models for London (i.e. living in areas of higher outdoor air pollution, in poor-quality housing, undertaking more pollution-generating activities indoors and spending more time indoors). A systems approach is used to show how these factors lead to systemic exposure inequalities, with low-income households having limited opportunities to improve their indoor air quality. This paper can inform actions and public policies to reduce environmental health inequalities, considering both indoor and outdoor air.https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/100air qualitydeprivationenvironmental healthhousingindoor air pollutioninequalitiesparticulatespublic healthsystems thinking |
| spellingShingle | Lauren Ferguson Jonathon Taylor Ke Zhou Clive Shrubsole Phil Symonds Mike Davies Sani Dimitroulopoulou Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK Buildings & Cities air quality deprivation environmental health housing indoor air pollution inequalities particulates public health systems thinking |
| title | Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK |
| title_full | Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK |
| title_fullStr | Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK |
| title_short | Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK |
| title_sort | systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in london uk |
| topic | air quality deprivation environmental health housing indoor air pollution inequalities particulates public health systems thinking |
| url | https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/100 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laurenferguson systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT jonathontaylor systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT kezhou systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT cliveshrubsole systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT philsymonds systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT mikedavies systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk AT sanidimitroulopoulou systemicinequalitiesinindoorairpollutionexposureinlondonuk |