Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space
In this study, we accurately calculated the propagation characteristics of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves (EMWs) excited by horizontal electric dipoles (HEDs) in the uniformly infinite polar “sea-sea ice” half-space. This was achieved by combining the progr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10327729/ |
| _version_ | 1797321132106317824 |
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| author | Sumou Hu Hui Xie Jianchen Feng |
| author_facet | Sumou Hu Hui Xie Jianchen Feng |
| author_sort | Sumou Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we accurately calculated the propagation characteristics of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves (EMWs) excited by horizontal electric dipoles (HEDs) in the uniformly infinite polar “sea-sea ice” half-space. This was achieved by combining the program platform written by the message passing interface (MPI) with the three-dimensional total field scattered field source finite difference time domain (TSS-FDTD) method to develop an improved calculation method of parallel TSS-FDTD electromagnetic field. Using equivalent principle and boundary grid field value transformation technology, the calculation space of electromagnetic field (EMF) in seawater and sea ice is divided into several regional grids to establish the calculation model of TSS-FDTD in the polar “sea-sea ice” half-space. The maximum radiation direction and average minimum attenuation of ELF EMF in the uniformly infinite polar “sea-sea ice” half-space (near the interface between seawater and sea ice) are obtained. The simulation results show that, at depth <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 10 m and propagation distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 125 m from the interface between seawater and sea ice, the maximum radiation directions of EMF intensity are vertical electric field direction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and horizontal magnetic field direction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively; moreover, their average minimum attenuation values in the sea water medium are 30 dB and 20 dB, respectively, and their corresponding values in sea ice medium are 20 dB and 10 dB, respectively. Therefore, compared with the directions of other electric and magnetic field components, these directions more suitable for receiving underwater signals. Finally, we selected different thickness values of the sea ice medium for simulation, and compared the results with the Sommerfeld numerical integration method (SNIM) proposed by Pan. The results show that the calculation results of the two methods are consistent, and that the average error is less than 5%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:53:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc0575c217cf4d5f969298f37e584bb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:53:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc0575c217cf4d5f969298f37e584bb72024-02-08T00:00:50ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-011113187713188410.1109/ACCESS.2023.333593810327729Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-SpaceSumou Hu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-5895Hui Xie1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6684-4781Jianchen Feng2College of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, ChinaUnit 91388 of the People’s Liberation Army, Zhanjiang, ChinaIn this study, we accurately calculated the propagation characteristics of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves (EMWs) excited by horizontal electric dipoles (HEDs) in the uniformly infinite polar “sea-sea ice” half-space. This was achieved by combining the program platform written by the message passing interface (MPI) with the three-dimensional total field scattered field source finite difference time domain (TSS-FDTD) method to develop an improved calculation method of parallel TSS-FDTD electromagnetic field. Using equivalent principle and boundary grid field value transformation technology, the calculation space of electromagnetic field (EMF) in seawater and sea ice is divided into several regional grids to establish the calculation model of TSS-FDTD in the polar “sea-sea ice” half-space. The maximum radiation direction and average minimum attenuation of ELF EMF in the uniformly infinite polar “sea-sea ice” half-space (near the interface between seawater and sea ice) are obtained. The simulation results show that, at depth <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 10 m and propagation distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 125 m from the interface between seawater and sea ice, the maximum radiation directions of EMF intensity are vertical electric field direction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and horizontal magnetic field direction <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively; moreover, their average minimum attenuation values in the sea water medium are 30 dB and 20 dB, respectively, and their corresponding values in sea ice medium are 20 dB and 10 dB, respectively. Therefore, compared with the directions of other electric and magnetic field components, these directions more suitable for receiving underwater signals. Finally, we selected different thickness values of the sea ice medium for simulation, and compared the results with the Sommerfeld numerical integration method (SNIM) proposed by Pan. The results show that the calculation results of the two methods are consistent, and that the average error is less than 5%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10327729/Extremely low-frequency (ELF)electromagnetic waveshorizontal electric dipole (HED)seafinite difference time domain (FDTD) |
| spellingShingle | Sumou Hu Hui Xie Jianchen Feng Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space IEEE Access Extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves horizontal electric dipole (HED) sea finite difference time domain (FDTD) |
| title | Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space |
| title_full | Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space |
| title_fullStr | Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space |
| title_full_unstemmed | Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space |
| title_short | Propagation Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in a Uniformly Infinite Polar “Sea-Sea Ice” Half-Space |
| title_sort | propagation characteristics of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves in a uniformly infinite polar x201c sea sea ice x201d half space |
| topic | Extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves horizontal electric dipole (HED) sea finite difference time domain (FDTD) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10327729/ |
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