Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calo...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
Series: | Microorganisms |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316 |
_version_ | 1797297447812202496 |
---|---|
author | Laura Doblado Ligia Esperanza Díaz Esther Nova Ascensión Marcos María Monsalve |
author_facet | Laura Doblado Ligia Esperanza Díaz Esther Nova Ascensión Marcos María Monsalve |
author_sort | Laura Doblado |
collection | DOAJ |
description | This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results obtained showed that the consumption of alkalinized filtered water improved the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the state of the intestinal mucosa, reducing both local and systemic inflammation and the level of oxidative stress. These changes were accompanied by a better maintenance of the oxidative status in rats. No differences were observed in antioxidant capacity nor in weight gain. The incorporation of probiotics in the diet had a significant impact on the microbiome. These effects were indicative of an improvement in general metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory status. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:24Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-fc0e4447882444929aa9ce68a21c93c7 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2076-2607 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:24Z |
publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Microorganisms |
spelling | doaj.art-fc0e4447882444929aa9ce68a21c93c72024-02-23T15:28:11ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-02-0112231610.3390/microorganisms12020316Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker RatsLaura Doblado0Ligia Esperanza Díaz1Esther Nova2Ascensión Marcos3María Monsalve4Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, SpainThis study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results obtained showed that the consumption of alkalinized filtered water improved the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the state of the intestinal mucosa, reducing both local and systemic inflammation and the level of oxidative stress. These changes were accompanied by a better maintenance of the oxidative status in rats. No differences were observed in antioxidant capacity nor in weight gain. The incorporation of probiotics in the diet had a significant impact on the microbiome. These effects were indicative of an improvement in general metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory status.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316alkalized filtered waterprobioticsintestineinflammationoxidative metabolismoxidative stress |
spellingShingle | Laura Doblado Ligia Esperanza Díaz Esther Nova Ascensión Marcos María Monsalve Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats Microorganisms alkalized filtered water probiotics intestine inflammation oxidative metabolism oxidative stress |
title | Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats |
title_full | Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats |
title_fullStr | Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats |
title_short | Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats |
title_sort | intestinal effects of filtered alkalinized water in lean and obese zucker rats |
topic | alkalized filtered water probiotics intestine inflammation oxidative metabolism oxidative stress |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lauradoblado intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats AT ligiaesperanzadiaz intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats AT esthernova intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats AT ascensionmarcos intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats AT mariamonsalve intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats |