Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats

This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calo...

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Main Authors: Laura Doblado, Ligia Esperanza Díaz, Esther Nova, Ascensión Marcos, María Monsalve
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Microorganisms
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316
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author Laura Doblado
Ligia Esperanza Díaz
Esther Nova
Ascensión Marcos
María Monsalve
author_facet Laura Doblado
Ligia Esperanza Díaz
Esther Nova
Ascensión Marcos
María Monsalve
author_sort Laura Doblado
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results obtained showed that the consumption of alkalinized filtered water improved the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the state of the intestinal mucosa, reducing both local and systemic inflammation and the level of oxidative stress. These changes were accompanied by a better maintenance of the oxidative status in rats. No differences were observed in antioxidant capacity nor in weight gain. The incorporation of probiotics in the diet had a significant impact on the microbiome. These effects were indicative of an improvement in general metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory status.
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spelling doaj.art-fc0e4447882444929aa9ce68a21c93c72024-02-23T15:28:11ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-02-0112231610.3390/microorganisms12020316Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker RatsLaura Doblado0Ligia Esperanza Díaz1Esther Nova2Ascensión Marcos3María Monsalve4Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, SpainThis study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results obtained showed that the consumption of alkalinized filtered water improved the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the state of the intestinal mucosa, reducing both local and systemic inflammation and the level of oxidative stress. These changes were accompanied by a better maintenance of the oxidative status in rats. No differences were observed in antioxidant capacity nor in weight gain. The incorporation of probiotics in the diet had a significant impact on the microbiome. These effects were indicative of an improvement in general metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory status.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316alkalized filtered waterprobioticsintestineinflammationoxidative metabolismoxidative stress
spellingShingle Laura Doblado
Ligia Esperanza Díaz
Esther Nova
Ascensión Marcos
María Monsalve
Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
Microorganisms
alkalized filtered water
probiotics
intestine
inflammation
oxidative metabolism
oxidative stress
title Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
title_full Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
title_fullStr Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
title_full_unstemmed Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
title_short Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
title_sort intestinal effects of filtered alkalinized water in lean and obese zucker rats
topic alkalized filtered water
probiotics
intestine
inflammation
oxidative metabolism
oxidative stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/316
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AT esthernova intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats
AT ascensionmarcos intestinaleffectsoffilteredalkalinizedwaterinleanandobesezuckerrats
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