Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related <i>Basidiomycota</i> mushrooms <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill (AbM), <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> (HE) and <i>Grifola frondosa</i> (GF) from Brazilian and Easter...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1339 |
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| author | Geir Hetland Jon-Magnus Tangen Faiza Mahmood Mohammad Reza Mirlashari Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer Ivo Nentwich Stig Palm Therkelsen Geir Erland Tjønnfjord Egil Johnson |
| author_facet | Geir Hetland Jon-Magnus Tangen Faiza Mahmood Mohammad Reza Mirlashari Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer Ivo Nentwich Stig Palm Therkelsen Geir Erland Tjønnfjord Egil Johnson |
| author_sort | Geir Hetland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related <i>Basidiomycota</i> mushrooms <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill (AbM), <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> (HE) and <i>Grifola frondosa</i> (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms’ anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms were a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changed gut microbiota, and the antiallergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1/Th2 balance. Since a predominant Th2 milieu is also found in cancer, which quite often is caused by a local chronic inflammation, the three conditions—tumor, inflammation and allergy—seem to be linked. Further mechanisms for HE were increased nerve and beneficial gut microbiota growth, and oxidative stress regulation. The medicinal mushrooms AbM, HE and GF appear to be safe, and can, in fact, increase longevity in animal models, possibly due to reduced tumorigenesis and oxidation. This article reviews preclinical and clinical findings with these mushrooms and the mechanisms behind them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:58:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc1453eb3c7d48adb36a40e85f4f5bd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:58:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc1453eb3c7d48adb36a40e85f4f5bd22023-11-19T23:47:49ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01125133910.3390/nu12051339Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical StudiesGeir Hetland0Jon-Magnus Tangen1Faiza Mahmood2Mohammad Reza Mirlashari3Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer4Ivo Nentwich5Stig Palm Therkelsen6Geir Erland Tjønnfjord7Egil Johnson8Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, NorwayNational CBRNE Medical Advisory Centre, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;<email>uxjmta@ous-hf.no</email>Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, NorwayDepartment of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, 3103 Tønsberg, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, NorwaySince the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related <i>Basidiomycota</i> mushrooms <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill (AbM), <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> (HE) and <i>Grifola frondosa</i> (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms’ anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms were a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changed gut microbiota, and the antiallergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1/Th2 balance. Since a predominant Th2 milieu is also found in cancer, which quite often is caused by a local chronic inflammation, the three conditions—tumor, inflammation and allergy—seem to be linked. Further mechanisms for HE were increased nerve and beneficial gut microbiota growth, and oxidative stress regulation. The medicinal mushrooms AbM, HE and GF appear to be safe, and can, in fact, increase longevity in animal models, possibly due to reduced tumorigenesis and oxidation. This article reviews preclinical and clinical findings with these mushrooms and the mechanisms behind them.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1339antitumoranti-inflammatoryantiallergic<i>Agaricus blazei</i>Hericium erinaceusGrifola frondosa |
| spellingShingle | Geir Hetland Jon-Magnus Tangen Faiza Mahmood Mohammad Reza Mirlashari Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer Ivo Nentwich Stig Palm Therkelsen Geir Erland Tjønnfjord Egil Johnson Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Nutrients antitumor anti-inflammatory antiallergic <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Hericium erinaceus Grifola frondosa |
| title | Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_full | Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_fullStr | Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_short | Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> and <i>Grifola frondosa</i>: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_sort | antitumor anti inflammatory and antiallergic effects of i agaricus blazei i mushroom extract and the related medicinal basidiomycetes mushrooms i hericium erinaceus i and i grifola frondosa i a review of preclinical and clinical studies |
| topic | antitumor anti-inflammatory antiallergic <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Hericium erinaceus Grifola frondosa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1339 |
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