Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health
Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/12/1236 |
| _version_ | 1797506560212074496 |
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| author | Noah Esmaeili |
| author_facet | Noah Esmaeili |
| author_sort | Noah Esmaeili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:35:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc1aee6b19fd4046bf71666f6edcf3fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:35:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc1aee6b19fd4046bf71666f6edcf3fc2023-11-23T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-11-011012123610.3390/biology10121236Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and HealthNoah Esmaeili0Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart Private Bag 49, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Taroona, TAS 7053, AustraliaMonitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/12/1236haemoglobinhaematocritred blood celltotal proteinwhite blood cell |
| spellingShingle | Noah Esmaeili Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health Biology haemoglobin haematocrit red blood cell total protein white blood cell |
| title | Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health |
| title_full | Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health |
| title_fullStr | Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health |
| title_short | Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health |
| title_sort | blood performance a new formula for fish growth and health |
| topic | haemoglobin haematocrit red blood cell total protein white blood cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/12/1236 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT noahesmaeili bloodperformanceanewformulaforfishgrowthandhealth |