Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123
ABSTRACT: Control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens continues to pose challenges to commercial poultry producers, especially in an era of increased consumer demand for antibiotic-free broiler production. As a result, coccidiosis vaccines are now commonly used in rotation programs to achieve effecti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119578634 |
| _version_ | 1819048447557238784 |
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| author | A.O. Sokale C.J. Williams M.D. Triplett F.J. Hoerr E.D. Peebles |
| author_facet | A.O. Sokale C.J. Williams M.D. Triplett F.J. Hoerr E.D. Peebles |
| author_sort | A.O. Sokale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens continues to pose challenges to commercial poultry producers, especially in an era of increased consumer demand for antibiotic-free broiler production. As a result, coccidiosis vaccines are now commonly used in rotation programs to achieve effective coccidiosis control. Inovocox EM1 vaccine (EM1) is a coccidiosis vaccine that allows for earlier immune acquisition through oocyst cycling, which reduces the effects of wild-type coccidia. The EM1 vaccine is administered to embryonated broiler hatching eggs between 18 and 19 D of incubation (doi). In the U.S., commercial broiler hatcheries vaccinate embryonated eggs at either 18.5 or 19 doi. However, it is unclear whether a difference in embryo age at the time of in ovo injection can impact the actual site of vaccine delivery. In addition, it is unclear where oocysts eventually become localized within the embryo following the in ovo injection of EM1. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of stage of embryonic development on the actual deposition site of the EM1 vaccine oocysts when they are in ovo injected and to subsequently investigate the movement and eventual location of EM1 oocysts after in ovo injection. Because all eggs were injected at the same time, a 12-h difference in set time was a means to derive 18.5 and 19.0 incubation age of injection (IAN) treatments. The experimental design was a 3 injection treatment (noninjected, diluent-injected, and vaccine-injected) × 2 IAN factorial. There was a significant main effect of IAN on site of vaccine oocysts delivery, and subsequent hatching chick quality. Qualitative histological evaluation revealed the oral uptake of vaccine oocysts through the amnion, with their subsequent presence in the gizzard and intestinal lumen by 24 to 36 h postinjection. In conclusion, physiological development influenced the site of injection, and oocysts imbibed along with the amniotic fluid in late stage broiler embryos are subsequently transported to the gastrointestinal tract. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:16:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc336a0911144a61b0edb1ea882a62fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:16:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc336a0911144a61b0edb1ea882a62fe2022-12-21T19:05:56ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912020-01-01991189195Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123A.O. Sokale0C.J. Williams1M.D. Triplett2F.J. Hoerr3E.D. Peebles4Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAZoetis Animal Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27703, USADepartment of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Pathology, LLC, Fort Valley, VA 22652, USADepartment of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens continues to pose challenges to commercial poultry producers, especially in an era of increased consumer demand for antibiotic-free broiler production. As a result, coccidiosis vaccines are now commonly used in rotation programs to achieve effective coccidiosis control. Inovocox EM1 vaccine (EM1) is a coccidiosis vaccine that allows for earlier immune acquisition through oocyst cycling, which reduces the effects of wild-type coccidia. The EM1 vaccine is administered to embryonated broiler hatching eggs between 18 and 19 D of incubation (doi). In the U.S., commercial broiler hatcheries vaccinate embryonated eggs at either 18.5 or 19 doi. However, it is unclear whether a difference in embryo age at the time of in ovo injection can impact the actual site of vaccine delivery. In addition, it is unclear where oocysts eventually become localized within the embryo following the in ovo injection of EM1. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of stage of embryonic development on the actual deposition site of the EM1 vaccine oocysts when they are in ovo injected and to subsequently investigate the movement and eventual location of EM1 oocysts after in ovo injection. Because all eggs were injected at the same time, a 12-h difference in set time was a means to derive 18.5 and 19.0 incubation age of injection (IAN) treatments. The experimental design was a 3 injection treatment (noninjected, diluent-injected, and vaccine-injected) × 2 IAN factorial. There was a significant main effect of IAN on site of vaccine oocysts delivery, and subsequent hatching chick quality. Qualitative histological evaluation revealed the oral uptake of vaccine oocysts through the amnion, with their subsequent presence in the gizzard and intestinal lumen by 24 to 36 h postinjection. In conclusion, physiological development influenced the site of injection, and oocysts imbibed along with the amniotic fluid in late stage broiler embryos are subsequently transported to the gastrointestinal tract.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119578634broilerdiseasesembryohealthmanagementpathology |
| spellingShingle | A.O. Sokale C.J. Williams M.D. Triplett F.J. Hoerr E.D. Peebles Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 Poultry Science broiler diseases embryo health management pathology |
| title | Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| title_full | Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| title_fullStr | Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| title_short | Effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy, and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| title_sort | effects of stage of broiler embryo development on coccidiosis vaccine injection accuracy and subsequent oocyst localization and hatchling quality123 |
| topic | broiler diseases embryo health management pathology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119578634 |
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