The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM, also known as the Antarctic Oscillation—AAO) explains most of the climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. A ring pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) or 500 hPa geopotential height around Antarctica characterizes SAM. Differences of MSLP values between SH...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/8/1045 |
| _version_ | 1797524681285173248 |
|---|---|
| author | Luciana F. Prado Ilana Wainer Ronald B. de Souza |
| author_facet | Luciana F. Prado Ilana Wainer Ronald B. de Souza |
| author_sort | Luciana F. Prado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Southern Annular Mode (SAM, also known as the Antarctic Oscillation—AAO) explains most of the climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. A ring pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) or 500 hPa geopotential height around Antarctica characterizes SAM. Differences of MSLP values between SH mid and high latitudes define positive and negative SAM phases with impacts on mean atmospheric circulation. Thus, investigating how different models represent SAM is of paramount importance, as it can improve their ability to describe or even predict most of the SH climate variability. Here we examine how the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) represents SAM’s signal compared with observations, reanalysis, and other climate models contributing to the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5). We also evaluate how SAM relates to the South American surface temperature and precipitation and discuss the models’ limitations and biases compared with reanalysis data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:00:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc359a9fa22c4ac7a8fb372e5941db82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:00:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc359a9fa22c4ac7a8fb372e5941db822023-11-22T06:48:13ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-08-01128104510.3390/atmos12081045The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System ModelLuciana F. Prado0Ilana Wainer1Ronald B. de Souza2Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, BrazilInstituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, BrazilDivisão de Modelagem Numérica do Sistema Terrestre, Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC-INPE), Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo 12630-000, BrazilThe Southern Annular Mode (SAM, also known as the Antarctic Oscillation—AAO) explains most of the climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. A ring pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) or 500 hPa geopotential height around Antarctica characterizes SAM. Differences of MSLP values between SH mid and high latitudes define positive and negative SAM phases with impacts on mean atmospheric circulation. Thus, investigating how different models represent SAM is of paramount importance, as it can improve their ability to describe or even predict most of the SH climate variability. Here we examine how the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) represents SAM’s signal compared with observations, reanalysis, and other climate models contributing to the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5). We also evaluate how SAM relates to the South American surface temperature and precipitation and discuss the models’ limitations and biases compared with reanalysis data.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/8/1045Southern Annular Modemodel evaluationmean sea level pressuretemperatureprecipitationSouth America |
| spellingShingle | Luciana F. Prado Ilana Wainer Ronald B. de Souza The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model Atmosphere Southern Annular Mode model evaluation mean sea level pressure temperature precipitation South America |
| title | The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model |
| title_full | The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model |
| title_fullStr | The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model |
| title_short | The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model |
| title_sort | representation of the southern annular mode signal in the brazilian earth system model |
| topic | Southern Annular Mode model evaluation mean sea level pressure temperature precipitation South America |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/8/1045 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucianafprado therepresentationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel AT ilanawainer therepresentationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel AT ronaldbdesouza therepresentationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel AT lucianafprado representationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel AT ilanawainer representationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel AT ronaldbdesouza representationofthesouthernannularmodesignalinthebrazilianearthsystemmodel |