Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors
Image steganography is a multipurpose-serving key emerging technology that is used for covertly transferring, storing, and governing various digital data, including intellectual properties and copyrights, social media data, multimedia data, and secrets of law-enforcing agencies. During the managemen...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/4/79 |
| _version_ | 1798034891026202624 |
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| author | A. H. M. Kamal Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam |
| author_facet | A. H. M. Kamal Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam |
| author_sort | A. H. M. Kamal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Image steganography is a multipurpose-serving key emerging technology that is used for covertly transferring, storing, and governing various digital data, including intellectual properties and copyrights, social media data, multimedia data, and secrets of law-enforcing agencies. During the management in the stated information, nowadays, massive amounts of data are handled that require greater security. For that purpose, data are embedded into a cover image to hide them from any intruders. Nevertheless, the requirements of a larger embedding capacity, improved stego-image quality, and reduced time complexity is increasing. In this paper, the authors have presented a novel data-embedding scheme where the prediction error-based data-hiding scheme is modified in an intricate way so that all the image pixels can accept secret bits. A distance matrix between the pixel values of each image block and a reference value are measured first. Thereafter, the distances are encoded into two states: 1 and −1. That encoding process enables the scheme to implant one bit in every pixel of the cover image. During the bit implantation, the errors 1 and −1 are modified by shifting them to the right and left directions, respectively. This strategy enhances the embedding capacity by a factor of more than 2. The use of reference values reduces the computational complexity notably, and in the meanwhile increases the security and robustness of the scheme because the reference values are not open to any third party. The scheme also reduces the time complexity by 2–16 times with compared to its competing schemes. Experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm on embedding capacity, visual quality, and time complexity compared to the current well-accepted existing schemes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:50:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc3dfaade19843dfbdca1dffea1d9c4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:50:36Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc3dfaade19843dfbdca1dffea1d9c4b2022-12-22T04:03:52ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922016-11-01547910.3390/electronics5040079electronics5040079Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding ErrorsA. H. M. Kamal0Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, P.C. 2220, BangladeshDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshImage steganography is a multipurpose-serving key emerging technology that is used for covertly transferring, storing, and governing various digital data, including intellectual properties and copyrights, social media data, multimedia data, and secrets of law-enforcing agencies. During the management in the stated information, nowadays, massive amounts of data are handled that require greater security. For that purpose, data are embedded into a cover image to hide them from any intruders. Nevertheless, the requirements of a larger embedding capacity, improved stego-image quality, and reduced time complexity is increasing. In this paper, the authors have presented a novel data-embedding scheme where the prediction error-based data-hiding scheme is modified in an intricate way so that all the image pixels can accept secret bits. A distance matrix between the pixel values of each image block and a reference value are measured first. Thereafter, the distances are encoded into two states: 1 and −1. That encoding process enables the scheme to implant one bit in every pixel of the cover image. During the bit implantation, the errors 1 and −1 are modified by shifting them to the right and left directions, respectively. This strategy enhances the embedding capacity by a factor of more than 2. The use of reference values reduces the computational complexity notably, and in the meanwhile increases the security and robustness of the scheme because the reference values are not open to any third party. The scheme also reduces the time complexity by 2–16 times with compared to its competing schemes. Experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm on embedding capacity, visual quality, and time complexity compared to the current well-accepted existing schemes.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/4/79diamond encodingpixel-pairencoded errorsreference pixelembedding capacityvisual qualityprocessing complexity |
| spellingShingle | A. H. M. Kamal Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors Electronics diamond encoding pixel-pair encoded errors reference pixel embedding capacity visual quality processing complexity |
| title | Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors |
| title_full | Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors |
| title_short | Enhancing the Performance of the Data Embedment Process through Encoding Errors |
| title_sort | enhancing the performance of the data embedment process through encoding errors |
| topic | diamond encoding pixel-pair encoded errors reference pixel embedding capacity visual quality processing complexity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/5/4/79 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmkamal enhancingtheperformanceofthedataembedmentprocessthroughencodingerrors AT mohammadmahfuzulislam enhancingtheperformanceofthedataembedmentprocessthroughencodingerrors |