The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury
Abstract Background Identification of biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can facilitate injury prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three foot landing positions, “toe‐in”, “toe‐out” and “neutral”, on biomechanical risk...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-016-0049-1 |
| _version_ | 1797321398433087488 |
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| author | Andrew A. Tran Corey Gatewood Alex H. S. Harris Julie A. Thompson Jason L. Dragoo |
| author_facet | Andrew A. Tran Corey Gatewood Alex H. S. Harris Julie A. Thompson Jason L. Dragoo |
| author_sort | Andrew A. Tran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Identification of biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can facilitate injury prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three foot landing positions, “toe‐in”, “toe‐out” and “neutral”, on biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury in males and females. The authors hypothesize that 1) relative to neutral, the toe‐in position increases the biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury, 2) the toe‐out position decreases these biomechanical risk factors, and 3) compared to males, females demonstrate greater changes in lower extremity biomechanics with changes in foot landing position. Methods Motion capture data on ten male and ten female volunteers aged 20–30 years (26.4 ± 2.50) were collected during double‐leg jump landing activities. Subjects were asked to land on force plates and target one of three pre‐templated foot landing positions: 0° (“neutral”), 30° internal rotation (“toe‐in”), and 30° external rotation (“toe‐out”) along the axis of the anatomical sagittal plane. A mixed‐effects ANOVA and pairwise Tukey post‐hoc comparison were used to detect differences in kinematic and kinetic variables associated with biomechanical risk factors of ACL injury between the three foot landing positions. Results Relative to neutral, landing in the toe‐in position increased peak hip adduction, knee internal rotation angles and moments (p < 0.01), and peak knee abduction angle (p < 0.001). Landing in the toe‐in position also decreased peak hip flexion angle (p < 0.001) and knee flexion angle (p = 0.023). Landing in the toe‐out position decreased peak hip adduction, knee abduction, and knee internal rotation angles (all p < 0.001). Male sex was associated with a smaller increase in hip adduction moment (p = 0.043) and knee internal rotation moment (p = 0.032) with toe‐in landing position compared with female sex. Conclusions Toe‐in landing position exacerbates biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury, while toe‐out landing position decreases these factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:57:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc50af9aeb2d4cb0866f327cb70a9505 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-1153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:57:03Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc50af9aeb2d4cb0866f327cb70a95052024-02-07T15:05:53ZengWileyJournal of Experimental Orthopaedics2197-11532016-01-0131n/an/a10.1186/s40634-016-0049-1The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuryAndrew A. Tran0Corey Gatewood1Alex H. S. Harris2Julie A. Thompson3Jason L. Dragoo4Stanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSADepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSADepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSADepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSAStanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSAAbstract Background Identification of biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can facilitate injury prevention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three foot landing positions, “toe‐in”, “toe‐out” and “neutral”, on biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury in males and females. The authors hypothesize that 1) relative to neutral, the toe‐in position increases the biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury, 2) the toe‐out position decreases these biomechanical risk factors, and 3) compared to males, females demonstrate greater changes in lower extremity biomechanics with changes in foot landing position. Methods Motion capture data on ten male and ten female volunteers aged 20–30 years (26.4 ± 2.50) were collected during double‐leg jump landing activities. Subjects were asked to land on force plates and target one of three pre‐templated foot landing positions: 0° (“neutral”), 30° internal rotation (“toe‐in”), and 30° external rotation (“toe‐out”) along the axis of the anatomical sagittal plane. A mixed‐effects ANOVA and pairwise Tukey post‐hoc comparison were used to detect differences in kinematic and kinetic variables associated with biomechanical risk factors of ACL injury between the three foot landing positions. Results Relative to neutral, landing in the toe‐in position increased peak hip adduction, knee internal rotation angles and moments (p < 0.01), and peak knee abduction angle (p < 0.001). Landing in the toe‐in position also decreased peak hip flexion angle (p < 0.001) and knee flexion angle (p = 0.023). Landing in the toe‐out position decreased peak hip adduction, knee abduction, and knee internal rotation angles (all p < 0.001). Male sex was associated with a smaller increase in hip adduction moment (p = 0.043) and knee internal rotation moment (p = 0.032) with toe‐in landing position compared with female sex. Conclusions Toe‐in landing position exacerbates biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury, while toe‐out landing position decreases these factors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-016-0049-1Anterior cruciate ligamentACLLanding patternBiomechanicsDynamic valgus |
| spellingShingle | Andrew A. Tran Corey Gatewood Alex H. S. Harris Julie A. Thompson Jason L. Dragoo The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics Anterior cruciate ligament ACL Landing pattern Biomechanics Dynamic valgus |
| title | The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| title_full | The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| title_fullStr | The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| title_short | The effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| title_sort | effect of foot landing position on biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury |
| topic | Anterior cruciate ligament ACL Landing pattern Biomechanics Dynamic valgus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-016-0049-1 |
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