Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men
IntroductionPhysical fitness benefits health. However, there is a research gap on how physical fitness, particularly aerobic endurance capacity and muscle power, is influenced by residential altitude, blood parameters, weight, and other cofactors in a population living at low to moderate altitudes (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00860/full |
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| author | Norina N. Gassmann Norina N. Gassmann Katarina L. Matthes Katarina L. Matthes Patrick Eppenberger Marek Brabec Radoslav Panczak Marcel Zwahlen Nicole Bender Thomas Wyss Frank J. Rühli Frank J. Rühli Kaspar Staub Kaspar Staub |
| author_facet | Norina N. Gassmann Norina N. Gassmann Katarina L. Matthes Katarina L. Matthes Patrick Eppenberger Marek Brabec Radoslav Panczak Marcel Zwahlen Nicole Bender Thomas Wyss Frank J. Rühli Frank J. Rühli Kaspar Staub Kaspar Staub |
| author_sort | Norina N. Gassmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPhysical fitness benefits health. However, there is a research gap on how physical fitness, particularly aerobic endurance capacity and muscle power, is influenced by residential altitude, blood parameters, weight, and other cofactors in a population living at low to moderate altitudes (300–2100 masl).Materials and MethodsWe explored how endurance and muscle power performance changes with residential altitude, Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin and creatinine levels among 108,677 Swiss men aged 18–22 years (covering >90% of Swiss birth cohorts) conscripted to the Swiss Armed Forces between 2007 and 2012. The test battery included a blood test of about 65%, a physical evaluation of about 85%, and the BMI of all conscripts.ResultsResidential altitude was significantly associated with endurance (p < 0.001) but not with muscle power performance (p = 0.858) after adjusting for all available cofactors. Higher BMI showed the greatest negative association with both endurance and muscle power performance. For muscle power performance, the association with creatinine levels was significant. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin levels were stronger contributors in explaining endurance than muscle power performance.ConclusionWe found a significant association between low to moderate residential altitude and aerobic endurance capacity even after adjustment for hemoglobin, creatinine, BMI and sociodemographic factors. Non-assessed factors such as vitamin D levels, air pollution, and lifestyle aspects may explain the presented remaining association partially and could also be associated with residential altitude. Monitoring the health and fitness of young people and their determinants is important and of practical concern for disease prevention and public health implications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:01:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc577d3d8d08433bb82317d0ddcfc76a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:01:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc577d3d8d08433bb82317d0ddcfc76a2022-12-21T17:23:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-07-011110.3389/fphys.2020.00860535848Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss MenNorina N. Gassmann0Norina N. Gassmann1Katarina L. Matthes2Katarina L. Matthes3Patrick Eppenberger4Marek Brabec5Radoslav Panczak6Marcel Zwahlen7Nicole Bender8Thomas Wyss9Frank J. Rühli10Frank J. Rühli11Kaspar Staub12Kaspar Staub13Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandZurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, CzechiaSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, AustraliaInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandInstitute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandSwiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, SwitzerlandInstitute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandZurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandZurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandIntroductionPhysical fitness benefits health. However, there is a research gap on how physical fitness, particularly aerobic endurance capacity and muscle power, is influenced by residential altitude, blood parameters, weight, and other cofactors in a population living at low to moderate altitudes (300–2100 masl).Materials and MethodsWe explored how endurance and muscle power performance changes with residential altitude, Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin and creatinine levels among 108,677 Swiss men aged 18–22 years (covering >90% of Swiss birth cohorts) conscripted to the Swiss Armed Forces between 2007 and 2012. The test battery included a blood test of about 65%, a physical evaluation of about 85%, and the BMI of all conscripts.ResultsResidential altitude was significantly associated with endurance (p < 0.001) but not with muscle power performance (p = 0.858) after adjusting for all available cofactors. Higher BMI showed the greatest negative association with both endurance and muscle power performance. For muscle power performance, the association with creatinine levels was significant. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin levels were stronger contributors in explaining endurance than muscle power performance.ConclusionWe found a significant association between low to moderate residential altitude and aerobic endurance capacity even after adjustment for hemoglobin, creatinine, BMI and sociodemographic factors. Non-assessed factors such as vitamin D levels, air pollution, and lifestyle aspects may explain the presented remaining association partially and could also be associated with residential altitude. Monitoring the health and fitness of young people and their determinants is important and of practical concern for disease prevention and public health implications.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00860/fullgeneral additive modelsVO2maxhemoglobinC-reactive proteinmultiple imputationSwitzerland |
| spellingShingle | Norina N. Gassmann Norina N. Gassmann Katarina L. Matthes Katarina L. Matthes Patrick Eppenberger Marek Brabec Radoslav Panczak Marcel Zwahlen Nicole Bender Thomas Wyss Frank J. Rühli Frank J. Rühli Kaspar Staub Kaspar Staub Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men Frontiers in Physiology general additive models VO2max hemoglobin C-reactive protein multiple imputation Switzerland |
| title | Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men |
| title_full | Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men |
| title_fullStr | Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men |
| title_full_unstemmed | Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men |
| title_short | Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men |
| title_sort | residential altitude associates with endurance but not muscle power in young swiss men |
| topic | general additive models VO2max hemoglobin C-reactive protein multiple imputation Switzerland |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00860/full |
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