Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis
The recent proliferation of sensor technology applications in therapies for children’s disabilities to promote positive behavior among such children has produced optimistic results in developing a variety of skills and abilities in them. Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT) has also become a topic of publ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/6/403 |
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| author | Oswaldo Morales Matamoros Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar Ricardo Tejeida Padilla Ixchel Lina Reyes |
| author_facet | Oswaldo Morales Matamoros Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar Ricardo Tejeida Padilla Ixchel Lina Reyes |
| author_sort | Oswaldo Morales Matamoros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recent proliferation of sensor technology applications in therapies for children’s disabilities to promote positive behavior among such children has produced optimistic results in developing a variety of skills and abilities in them. Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT) has also become a topic of public and research interest for these disorders’ intervention and treatment. This work exposes the development of a system that controls brain–computer interaction when a patient with different abilities undergoes a DAT. To develop the proposed system, TGAM1, i.e., ThinkGear-AM1 series of NeuroSky company, was used, connecting it to an isolated Bluetooth 4.0 communication protocol from a brackish and humid environment, and a Notch Filter was applied to reduce the input noise. In this way, at Definiti Ixtapa-Mexico facilities, we explored the behavior of three children with Infantile Spastic Cerebral Palsy (Experiment 1), as well as the behavior of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and neurotypic children (Experiment 2). This was done applying the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) and the Self-Affine Analysis (SSA) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) biosignals. The EEG Raw data were time series showing the cerebral brain activity (voltage versus time) before and during DAT for the Experiment 1, and before, during DAT and after for the Experiment 2. Likewise, the EEW RAW data were recorded by the first frontopolar electrode (FP1) by means of an EEG biosensor TGAM1 Module. From the PSD we found that in all child patients a huge increment of brain activity during DAT regarding the before and after therapy periods around 376.28%. Moreover, from the SSA we found that the structure function of the all five child patients displayed an antipersistent behavior, characterized by <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>∝</mo> <msup> <mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mi>H</mi> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, for before, during DAT and after. Nonetheless, we propose that one way to assess whether a DAT is being efficient to the child patients is to increase the during DAT time when the samples are collected, supposing the data fitting by a power law will raise the time, displaying a persistent behavior or positive correlations, until a crossover appears and the curve tends to be horizontal, pointing out that our system has reached a stationary state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:53:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc6047bfb27b45f9ae8abcce2dd5ee5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:53:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc6047bfb27b45f9ae8abcce2dd5ee5a2023-11-20T04:57:59ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-06-0110640310.3390/brainsci10060403Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural AnalysisOswaldo Morales Matamoros0Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar1Ricardo Tejeida Padilla2Ixchel Lina Reyes3Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoEscuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoEscuela Superior de Turismo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07630 Ciudad de México, MexicoEscuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoThe recent proliferation of sensor technology applications in therapies for children’s disabilities to promote positive behavior among such children has produced optimistic results in developing a variety of skills and abilities in them. Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT) has also become a topic of public and research interest for these disorders’ intervention and treatment. This work exposes the development of a system that controls brain–computer interaction when a patient with different abilities undergoes a DAT. To develop the proposed system, TGAM1, i.e., ThinkGear-AM1 series of NeuroSky company, was used, connecting it to an isolated Bluetooth 4.0 communication protocol from a brackish and humid environment, and a Notch Filter was applied to reduce the input noise. In this way, at Definiti Ixtapa-Mexico facilities, we explored the behavior of three children with Infantile Spastic Cerebral Palsy (Experiment 1), as well as the behavior of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and neurotypic children (Experiment 2). This was done applying the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) and the Self-Affine Analysis (SSA) from Electroencephalogram (EEG) biosignals. The EEG Raw data were time series showing the cerebral brain activity (voltage versus time) before and during DAT for the Experiment 1, and before, during DAT and after for the Experiment 2. Likewise, the EEW RAW data were recorded by the first frontopolar electrode (FP1) by means of an EEG biosensor TGAM1 Module. From the PSD we found that in all child patients a huge increment of brain activity during DAT regarding the before and after therapy periods around 376.28%. Moreover, from the SSA we found that the structure function of the all five child patients displayed an antipersistent behavior, characterized by <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>∝</mo> <msup> <mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mi>H</mi> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, for before, during DAT and after. Nonetheless, we propose that one way to assess whether a DAT is being efficient to the child patients is to increase the during DAT time when the samples are collected, supposing the data fitting by a power law will raise the time, displaying a persistent behavior or positive correlations, until a crossover appears and the curve tends to be horizontal, pointing out that our system has reached a stationary state.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/6/403neurodynamicschildren disabilitiesEEGFFT-PSDself-affineTGAM1 |
| spellingShingle | Oswaldo Morales Matamoros Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar Ricardo Tejeida Padilla Ixchel Lina Reyes Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis Brain Sciences neurodynamics children disabilities EEG FFT-PSD self-affine TGAM1 |
| title | Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis |
| title_full | Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis |
| title_short | Neurodynamics of Patients during a Dolphin-Assisted Therapy by Means of a Fractal Intraneural Analysis |
| title_sort | neurodynamics of patients during a dolphin assisted therapy by means of a fractal intraneural analysis |
| topic | neurodynamics children disabilities EEG FFT-PSD self-affine TGAM1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/6/403 |
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