Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system
Abstract A practical solution to the problems caused by the water, air, and soil pollution produced by the large volumes of waste is recycling. Plastic and glass bottle recycling is a practical solution but sometimes unfeasible in underdeveloped countries. In this paper, we propose a high-performanc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08777-x |
| _version_ | 1811332181756215296 |
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| author | Marco Aurelio Nuño-Maganda Josué Helí Jiménez-Arteaga Jose Hugo Barron-Zambrano Yahir Hernández-Mier Juan Carlos Elizondo-Leal Alan Díaz-Manríquez Cesar Torres-Huitzil Said Polanco-Martagón |
| author_facet | Marco Aurelio Nuño-Maganda Josué Helí Jiménez-Arteaga Jose Hugo Barron-Zambrano Yahir Hernández-Mier Juan Carlos Elizondo-Leal Alan Díaz-Manríquez Cesar Torres-Huitzil Said Polanco-Martagón |
| author_sort | Marco Aurelio Nuño-Maganda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A practical solution to the problems caused by the water, air, and soil pollution produced by the large volumes of waste is recycling. Plastic and glass bottle recycling is a practical solution but sometimes unfeasible in underdeveloped countries. In this paper, we propose a high-performance real-time hardware architecture for bottle classification, that process input image bottles to generate a bottle color as output. The proposed architecture was implemented on a Spartan-6 Field Programmable Gate Array, using a Hardware Description Language. The proposed system was tested for several input resolutions up to 1080 p, but it is flexible enough to support input video resolutions up to 8 K. There is no evidence of a high-performance bottle classification system in the state-of-the-art. The main contribution of this paper is the implementation and integration of a set of dedicated image processing blocks in a high-performance real-time bottle classification system. These hardware modules were integrated into a compact and tunable architecture, and was tested in a simulated environment. Concerning the image processing algorithm implemented in the FPGA, the maximum processing rate is 60 frames per second. In practice, the maximum number of bottles that can be processed would be limited by the mechanical aspects of the bottle transportation system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:32:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc6e4b448c474d17a8a3a1b9bf1e2fae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:32:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc6e4b448c474d17a8a3a1b9bf1e2fae2022-12-22T02:39:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-03-0112111110.1038/s41598-022-08777-xImplementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification systemMarco Aurelio Nuño-Maganda0Josué Helí Jiménez-Arteaga1Jose Hugo Barron-Zambrano2Yahir Hernández-Mier3Juan Carlos Elizondo-Leal4Alan Díaz-Manríquez5Cesar Torres-Huitzil6Said Polanco-Martagón7Intelligent Systems Department, Polytechnic University of VictoriaDivisión de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Superiores de TamaulipasFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasIntelligent Systems Department, Polytechnic University of VictoriaFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and SciencesIntelligent Systems Department, Polytechnic University of VictoriaAbstract A practical solution to the problems caused by the water, air, and soil pollution produced by the large volumes of waste is recycling. Plastic and glass bottle recycling is a practical solution but sometimes unfeasible in underdeveloped countries. In this paper, we propose a high-performance real-time hardware architecture for bottle classification, that process input image bottles to generate a bottle color as output. The proposed architecture was implemented on a Spartan-6 Field Programmable Gate Array, using a Hardware Description Language. The proposed system was tested for several input resolutions up to 1080 p, but it is flexible enough to support input video resolutions up to 8 K. There is no evidence of a high-performance bottle classification system in the state-of-the-art. The main contribution of this paper is the implementation and integration of a set of dedicated image processing blocks in a high-performance real-time bottle classification system. These hardware modules were integrated into a compact and tunable architecture, and was tested in a simulated environment. Concerning the image processing algorithm implemented in the FPGA, the maximum processing rate is 60 frames per second. In practice, the maximum number of bottles that can be processed would be limited by the mechanical aspects of the bottle transportation system.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08777-x |
| spellingShingle | Marco Aurelio Nuño-Maganda Josué Helí Jiménez-Arteaga Jose Hugo Barron-Zambrano Yahir Hernández-Mier Juan Carlos Elizondo-Leal Alan Díaz-Manríquez Cesar Torres-Huitzil Said Polanco-Martagón Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system Scientific Reports |
| title | Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system |
| title_full | Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system |
| title_fullStr | Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system |
| title_short | Implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real-time bottle classification system |
| title_sort | implementation and integration of image processing blocks in a real time bottle classification system |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08777-x |
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