Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies
Carcinoid syndrome represents a debilitating paraneoplastic disease, caused by the secretion of several substances, occurring in about 10–40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The main signs and symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhea, hypo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3610 |
| _version_ | 1797620507881766912 |
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| author | Giovanni Vitale Silvia Carra Ylenia Alessi Federica Campolo Carla Pandozzi Isabella Zanata Annamaria Colao Antongiulio Faggiano on behalf of the NIKE Group |
| author_facet | Giovanni Vitale Silvia Carra Ylenia Alessi Federica Campolo Carla Pandozzi Isabella Zanata Annamaria Colao Antongiulio Faggiano on behalf of the NIKE Group |
| author_sort | Giovanni Vitale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carcinoid syndrome represents a debilitating paraneoplastic disease, caused by the secretion of several substances, occurring in about 10–40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The main signs and symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchoconstriction, venous telangiectasia, dyspnea and fibrotic complications (mesenteric and retroperitoneal fibrosis, and carcinoid heart disease). Although there are several drugs available for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome, the lack of therapeutic response, poor tolerance or resistance to drugs are often reported. Preclinical models are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, mechanisms for tumor progression and new therapeutic approaches for cancer. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vitro and in vivo models in NETs with carcinoid syndrome, highlighting the future developments and therapeutic approaches in this field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:43:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc7011dbeea04072bc6fc764f020cc61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:43:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc7011dbeea04072bc6fc764f020cc612023-11-16T21:02:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01244361010.3390/ijms24043610Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic StrategiesGiovanni Vitale0Silvia Carra1Ylenia Alessi2Federica Campolo3Carla Pandozzi4Isabella Zanata5Annamaria Colao6Antongiulio Faggiano7on behalf of the NIKE GroupDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, ItalyEndocrine Unit, University Hospital “Gaetano Martino” of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalySection of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCarcinoid syndrome represents a debilitating paraneoplastic disease, caused by the secretion of several substances, occurring in about 10–40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The main signs and symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchoconstriction, venous telangiectasia, dyspnea and fibrotic complications (mesenteric and retroperitoneal fibrosis, and carcinoid heart disease). Although there are several drugs available for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome, the lack of therapeutic response, poor tolerance or resistance to drugs are often reported. Preclinical models are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, mechanisms for tumor progression and new therapeutic approaches for cancer. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vitro and in vivo models in NETs with carcinoid syndrome, highlighting the future developments and therapeutic approaches in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3610carcinoid syndromepreclinical modelsneuroendocrine tumorsserotoninxenograftpharmacological treatment |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Vitale Silvia Carra Ylenia Alessi Federica Campolo Carla Pandozzi Isabella Zanata Annamaria Colao Antongiulio Faggiano on behalf of the NIKE Group Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies International Journal of Molecular Sciences carcinoid syndrome preclinical models neuroendocrine tumors serotonin xenograft pharmacological treatment |
| title | Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full | Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_short | Carcinoid Syndrome: Preclinical Models and Future Therapeutic Strategies |
| title_sort | carcinoid syndrome preclinical models and future therapeutic strategies |
| topic | carcinoid syndrome preclinical models neuroendocrine tumors serotonin xenograft pharmacological treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3610 |
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