Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study
Introduction: Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) is less frequent than ischaemic stroke, but has higher mortality and morbidity, it being one of the first causes of severe disability. Hypertension is the most common cause of ICH but Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhages (NHICH) are not ra...
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| Format: | Article |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16736/55362_CE[Nik]_F(KR)_PF1(RD_SS)_PFA(AB_Pr_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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| author | Siddaganga Bharat L Konin Swathi Bhat |
| author_facet | Siddaganga Bharat L Konin Swathi Bhat |
| author_sort | Siddaganga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) is less frequent
than ischaemic stroke, but has higher mortality and morbidity, it
being one of the first causes of severe disability. Hypertension
is the most common cause of ICH but Non Hypertensive
Intracerebral Haemorrhages (NHICH) are not rare. Hence, the
importance of recognising these conditions and need for urgent
specific therapy which may play a vital role in therapeutic
planning and prevention of ICH. Hence this study was performed
to study.
Aim: To study the clinical and radiological profile in NHICH
to identify risk factors, and to determine whether clinical/
neuroradiological parameters would predict the prognosis of ICH.
Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational
study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine
Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Gulbarga, Karnataka,
India, from January 2016 to January 2017. It involved 50 subjects
with NHICH. Demographic details, clinical and radiological data
was collected in patients presenting with signs and symptoms
of stroke and confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) scan/
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain as ICH, who were non
hypertensive and with age more than 18 years. Clinical outcome
of the patients were measured based on Glasgow Coma Scale
(GCS), site and volume of haemorrhage. Descriptive statistics
of the explanatory and outcome variables were calculated by
mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and Chi-square test was applied
for qualitative variables.
Results: In the present study 31 (62%) were males, and 19 (38%)
were females. The age of patients ranged from 18-85 years.
The most common risk factor associated with intracerebral
haemorrhage was alcohol consumption 16 (32.0%), followed
by smoking 13 (26%), and anticoagulant intake 13 (26%). Most
common clinical presentation were hemiplegia/hemiparesis, speech
defect, vomiting, convulsion, pupillary defect and cranial nerve
involvement, in decreasing frequency. High ICH score and low
GCS were poor prognostic factors for outcome of intracerebral
haemorrhage patient in the present study. In hospital mortality
rate was 28%. During 30 days follow-up, there was 22.2%
mortality among the discharged patient.
Conclusion: Although hypertension remains a most common
risk factor for intracerebral bleed, other risk factors such as
significant alcohol consumption, coagulopathy should also be
kept in mind especially in young individual. Non hypertensive
haemorrhage usually occurs at sites not typical for hypertensive
bleed. All efforts should be directed to establish the aetiological
factors for intracerebral bleed, so that appropriate timely therapy
can be provided to prevent further morbidity and mortality.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:24:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc7584e87d4c4e328ab2f80a0ba385cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:24:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc7584e87d4c4e328ab2f80a0ba385cf2023-02-20T07:15:16ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-08-01168OC33OC3610.7860/JCDR/2022/55362.16736Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational StudySiddaganga0Bharat L Konin1Swathi Bhat2Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.Professor, Department of General Medicine, MRMC Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.Postgraduate, Department of General Medicine, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.Introduction: Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) is less frequent than ischaemic stroke, but has higher mortality and morbidity, it being one of the first causes of severe disability. Hypertension is the most common cause of ICH but Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhages (NHICH) are not rare. Hence, the importance of recognising these conditions and need for urgent specific therapy which may play a vital role in therapeutic planning and prevention of ICH. Hence this study was performed to study. Aim: To study the clinical and radiological profile in NHICH to identify risk factors, and to determine whether clinical/ neuroradiological parameters would predict the prognosis of ICH. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Gulbarga, Karnataka, India, from January 2016 to January 2017. It involved 50 subjects with NHICH. Demographic details, clinical and radiological data was collected in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of stroke and confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) scan/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain as ICH, who were non hypertensive and with age more than 18 years. Clinical outcome of the patients were measured based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), site and volume of haemorrhage. Descriptive statistics of the explanatory and outcome variables were calculated by mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and Chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables. Results: In the present study 31 (62%) were males, and 19 (38%) were females. The age of patients ranged from 18-85 years. The most common risk factor associated with intracerebral haemorrhage was alcohol consumption 16 (32.0%), followed by smoking 13 (26%), and anticoagulant intake 13 (26%). Most common clinical presentation were hemiplegia/hemiparesis, speech defect, vomiting, convulsion, pupillary defect and cranial nerve involvement, in decreasing frequency. High ICH score and low GCS were poor prognostic factors for outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage patient in the present study. In hospital mortality rate was 28%. During 30 days follow-up, there was 22.2% mortality among the discharged patient. Conclusion: Although hypertension remains a most common risk factor for intracerebral bleed, other risk factors such as significant alcohol consumption, coagulopathy should also be kept in mind especially in young individual. Non hypertensive haemorrhage usually occurs at sites not typical for hypertensive bleed. All efforts should be directed to establish the aetiological factors for intracerebral bleed, so that appropriate timely therapy can be provided to prevent further morbidity and mortality. https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16736/55362_CE[Nik]_F(KR)_PF1(RD_SS)_PFA(AB_Pr_KM)_PN(KM).pdfaetiologyglasgow coma scalemortalityoutcome |
| spellingShingle | Siddaganga Bharat L Konin Swathi Bhat Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aetiology glasgow coma scale mortality outcome |
| title | Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study |
| title_full | Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study |
| title_short | Clinical and Radiological Profile in Non Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage-A Prospective Observational Study |
| title_sort | clinical and radiological profile in non hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage a prospective observational study |
| topic | aetiology glasgow coma scale mortality outcome |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16736/55362_CE[Nik]_F(KR)_PF1(RD_SS)_PFA(AB_Pr_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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