Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota
Supplying novel feed ingredients for pig production is crucial to enhance food security and decrease the environmental impact of meat production. Several studies have focused on evaluating the beneficial health effects of yeast in pigs. However, its use as a protein source has been partially address...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01924/full |
| _version_ | 1811205985754152960 |
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| author | Leidy Lagos Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund Adrijana Skugor Ragnhild Ånestad Caroline P. Åkesson Charles McL. Press Margareth Øverland |
| author_facet | Leidy Lagos Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund Adrijana Skugor Ragnhild Ånestad Caroline P. Åkesson Charles McL. Press Margareth Øverland |
| author_sort | Leidy Lagos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Supplying novel feed ingredients for pig production is crucial to enhance food security and decrease the environmental impact of meat production. Several studies have focused on evaluating the beneficial health effects of yeast in pigs. However, its use as a protein source has been partially addressed. Previously, we have shown that yeast at high inclusion levels maintains growth performance and digestibility, while nutrient digestibility, intestinal villi height and fecal consistency were improved. The present study combined microbiome, short-chain fatty acid, and immune parameter analysis to investigate the effect of high inclusion of yeast in diets for post-weaning piglets. Our results showed that yeast did not have a significant impact on the hematological or biochemical parameters in blood. The different immune cell subpopulations isolated from blood and distal jejunal lymph nodes (DJLN) were analyzed by flow cytometry and showed that yeast diet induced an increased number of the subtype of leukocytes CD45+/CD3–/CD8+, a special type of Natural Killer (NK) cells. Also, a very mild to moderate infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes and lower IgA level were observed in the colon of yeast fed piglets. The microbiome profiling in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets was performed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. The results showed that 40% replacement of dietary protein had a statistically significant effect on the microbial communities in cecum and colon, while the microbial population in ileum and jejunum were not affected. Analysis of predicted microbial metabolic pathways analysis revealed significant upregulation of short-chain fatty acids, ether lipid metabolisms, secondary bile acids, and several other important biosynthesis pathways in cecum and colon of pigs fed yeast. In conclusion, the results showed that diet containing 40% of yeast protein positively shaped microbial community in the large intestine and increased the number of a specific subpopulation of NK cells in the DJLN. These results showed that yeast modulates the microbiome and decreases the secretion of IgA in the colon of post-weaning pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:39:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc8583a69ff741e18c8599a1af049c40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:39:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc8583a69ff741e18c8599a1af049c402022-12-22T03:49:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-09-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01924561698Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut MicrobiotaLeidy Lagos0Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund1Adrijana Skugor2Ragnhild Ånestad3Caroline P. Åkesson4Charles McL. Press5Margareth Øverland6Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwayDepartment of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwayDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwayDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwaySupplying novel feed ingredients for pig production is crucial to enhance food security and decrease the environmental impact of meat production. Several studies have focused on evaluating the beneficial health effects of yeast in pigs. However, its use as a protein source has been partially addressed. Previously, we have shown that yeast at high inclusion levels maintains growth performance and digestibility, while nutrient digestibility, intestinal villi height and fecal consistency were improved. The present study combined microbiome, short-chain fatty acid, and immune parameter analysis to investigate the effect of high inclusion of yeast in diets for post-weaning piglets. Our results showed that yeast did not have a significant impact on the hematological or biochemical parameters in blood. The different immune cell subpopulations isolated from blood and distal jejunal lymph nodes (DJLN) were analyzed by flow cytometry and showed that yeast diet induced an increased number of the subtype of leukocytes CD45+/CD3–/CD8+, a special type of Natural Killer (NK) cells. Also, a very mild to moderate infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes and lower IgA level were observed in the colon of yeast fed piglets. The microbiome profiling in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets was performed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. The results showed that 40% replacement of dietary protein had a statistically significant effect on the microbial communities in cecum and colon, while the microbial population in ileum and jejunum were not affected. Analysis of predicted microbial metabolic pathways analysis revealed significant upregulation of short-chain fatty acids, ether lipid metabolisms, secondary bile acids, and several other important biosynthesis pathways in cecum and colon of pigs fed yeast. In conclusion, the results showed that diet containing 40% of yeast protein positively shaped microbial community in the large intestine and increased the number of a specific subpopulation of NK cells in the DJLN. These results showed that yeast modulates the microbiome and decreases the secretion of IgA in the colon of post-weaning pigs.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01924/fullpost-weaning pignovel proteinyeasthealthmicrobiota |
| spellingShingle | Leidy Lagos Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund Adrijana Skugor Ragnhild Ånestad Caroline P. Åkesson Charles McL. Press Margareth Øverland Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota Frontiers in Immunology post-weaning pig novel protein yeast health microbiota |
| title | Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota |
| title_full | Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota |
| title_short | Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota |
| title_sort | cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source for weaned piglets impact on immune response and gut microbiota |
| topic | post-weaning pig novel protein yeast health microbiota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01924/full |
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