Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico
Background Spatial genetic structure (SGS) analysis is a powerful approach to quantifying gene flow between trees, thus clarifying the functional connectivity of trees at population and landscape scales. The findings of SGS analysis may be useful for conservation and management of natural population...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2019-11-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/8002.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797417767422394368 |
|---|---|
| author | Luis C. García-Zubia Javier Hernández-Velasco José C. Hernández-Díaz Sergio L. Simental-Rodríguez Carlos A. López-Sánchez Carmen Z. Quiñones-Pérez Artemio Carrillo-Parra Christian Wehenkel |
| author_facet | Luis C. García-Zubia Javier Hernández-Velasco José C. Hernández-Díaz Sergio L. Simental-Rodríguez Carlos A. López-Sánchez Carmen Z. Quiñones-Pérez Artemio Carrillo-Parra Christian Wehenkel |
| author_sort | Luis C. García-Zubia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Spatial genetic structure (SGS) analysis is a powerful approach to quantifying gene flow between trees, thus clarifying the functional connectivity of trees at population and landscape scales. The findings of SGS analysis may be useful for conservation and management of natural populations and plantations. Pinus cembroides is a widely distributed tree species, covering an area of about 2.5 million hectares in Mexico. The aim of this study was to examine five natural seed stands of P. cembroides in the Sierra Madre Occidental to determine the SGS at population (within the seed stand) and landscape (among seed stands) levels in order to establish guidelines for the conservation and management of the species. We hypothesized that P. cembroides, in which the seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals, creates weaker SGS than species with wind-dispersed seeds. Methods DNA fingerprinting was performed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. In order to estimate the SGS at population and landscape levels, we measured the geographical (spatial) distance as the Euclidean distance. We also estimated the genetic distances between individuals using the pairwise kinship coefficient. Results The results showed non-significant autocorrelation in four out of five seed stands studied (i.e., a mainly random distribution in the space of the genetic variants of P. cembroides at population level). Discussion SGS was detected at the landscape scale, supporting the theory of isolation by distance as a consequence of restricted pollen and seed dispersal. However, the SGS may also have been generated by our sampling strategy. We recommended establishing a close network of seed stands of P. cembroides to prevent greater loss of local genetic variants and alteration of SGS. We recommend seed stands of P. cembroides of a minimum width of 225 m. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:23:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc89228d493a4afda4a74f447a64ceea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc89228d493a4afda4a74f447a64ceea2023-12-03T11:31:37ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-11-017e800210.7717/peerj.8002Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern MexicoLuis C. García-Zubia0Javier Hernández-Velasco1José C. Hernández-Díaz2Sergio L. Simental-Rodríguez3Carlos A. López-Sánchez4Carmen Z. Quiñones-Pérez5Artemio Carrillo-Parra6Christian Wehenkel7Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoDepartment of Biology of Organisms and Systems, Mieres Polytechnic School, University of Oviedo, Campus Universitario de Mieres, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós S/N, Mieres, SpainTecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Valle del Guadiana, Villa Montemorelos, Durango, MéxicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, MéxicoBackground Spatial genetic structure (SGS) analysis is a powerful approach to quantifying gene flow between trees, thus clarifying the functional connectivity of trees at population and landscape scales. The findings of SGS analysis may be useful for conservation and management of natural populations and plantations. Pinus cembroides is a widely distributed tree species, covering an area of about 2.5 million hectares in Mexico. The aim of this study was to examine five natural seed stands of P. cembroides in the Sierra Madre Occidental to determine the SGS at population (within the seed stand) and landscape (among seed stands) levels in order to establish guidelines for the conservation and management of the species. We hypothesized that P. cembroides, in which the seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals, creates weaker SGS than species with wind-dispersed seeds. Methods DNA fingerprinting was performed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. In order to estimate the SGS at population and landscape levels, we measured the geographical (spatial) distance as the Euclidean distance. We also estimated the genetic distances between individuals using the pairwise kinship coefficient. Results The results showed non-significant autocorrelation in four out of five seed stands studied (i.e., a mainly random distribution in the space of the genetic variants of P. cembroides at population level). Discussion SGS was detected at the landscape scale, supporting the theory of isolation by distance as a consequence of restricted pollen and seed dispersal. However, the SGS may also have been generated by our sampling strategy. We recommended establishing a close network of seed stands of P. cembroides to prevent greater loss of local genetic variants and alteration of SGS. We recommend seed stands of P. cembroides of a minimum width of 225 m.https://peerj.com/articles/8002.pdfGene flowSeed standsSierra Madre OccidentalIsolation by distance |
| spellingShingle | Luis C. García-Zubia Javier Hernández-Velasco José C. Hernández-Díaz Sergio L. Simental-Rodríguez Carlos A. López-Sánchez Carmen Z. Quiñones-Pérez Artemio Carrillo-Parra Christian Wehenkel Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico PeerJ Gene flow Seed stands Sierra Madre Occidental Isolation by distance |
| title | Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico |
| title_full | Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico |
| title_short | Spatial genetic structure in Pinus cembroides Zucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico |
| title_sort | spatial genetic structure in pinus cembroides zucc at population and landscape levels in central and northern mexico |
| topic | Gene flow Seed stands Sierra Madre Occidental Isolation by distance |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/8002.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT luiscgarciazubia spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT javierhernandezvelasco spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT josechernandezdiaz spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT sergiolsimentalrodriguez spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT carlosalopezsanchez spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT carmenzquinonesperez spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT artemiocarrilloparra spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico AT christianwehenkel spatialgeneticstructureinpinuscembroideszuccatpopulationandlandscapelevelsincentralandnorthernmexico |