Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017
The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is one of the largest bay areas in the world. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of urban expansions in this region are poorly understood. Here we used the annual remote sensing images, Geographic Informati...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2615 |
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| author | Jie Zhang Le Yu Xuecao Li Chenchen Zhang Tiezhu Shi Xiangyin Wu Chao Yang Wenxiu Gao Qingquan Li Guofeng Wu |
| author_facet | Jie Zhang Le Yu Xuecao Li Chenchen Zhang Tiezhu Shi Xiangyin Wu Chao Yang Wenxiu Gao Qingquan Li Guofeng Wu |
| author_sort | Jie Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is one of the largest bay areas in the world. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of urban expansions in this region are poorly understood. Here we used the annual remote sensing images, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and geographical detector method to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in the GBA and investigate their driving factors during 1986–2017 on regional and city scales. The results showed that: the GBA experienced an unprecedented urban expansion over the past 32 years. The total urban area expanded from 652.74 km<sup>2</sup> to 8137.09 km<sup>2</sup> from 1986 to 2017 (approximately 13 times). The annual growth rate during 1986–2017 was 8.20% and the annual growth rate from 1986 to 1990 was the highest (16.89%). Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan, and Shenzhen experienced the highest urban expansion rate, with the annual increase of urban areas in 51.51, 45.54, 36.76, and 23.26 km<sup>2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, during 1986–2017. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, road length, and population were the most important driving factors of the urban expansions in the GBA. We also found the driving factors of the urban expansions varied with spatial and temporal scales, suggesting the general understanding from the regional level may not reveal detailed urban dynamics. Detailed urban management and planning policies should be made considering the spatial and internal heterogeneity. These findings can enhance the comprehensive understanding of this bay area and help policymakers to promote sustainable development in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:28:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc8ad1f077604f82bff35e29e4dc1913 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:28:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc8ad1f077604f82bff35e29e4dc19132023-11-20T10:05:15ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-08-011216261510.3390/rs12162615Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017Jie Zhang0Le Yu1Xuecao Li2Chenchen Zhang3Tiezhu Shi4Xiangyin Wu5Chao Yang6Wenxiu Gao7Qingquan Li8Guofeng Wu9MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaSchool of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaSchool of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaThe Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is one of the largest bay areas in the world. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of urban expansions in this region are poorly understood. Here we used the annual remote sensing images, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and geographical detector method to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in the GBA and investigate their driving factors during 1986–2017 on regional and city scales. The results showed that: the GBA experienced an unprecedented urban expansion over the past 32 years. The total urban area expanded from 652.74 km<sup>2</sup> to 8137.09 km<sup>2</sup> from 1986 to 2017 (approximately 13 times). The annual growth rate during 1986–2017 was 8.20% and the annual growth rate from 1986 to 1990 was the highest (16.89%). Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan, and Shenzhen experienced the highest urban expansion rate, with the annual increase of urban areas in 51.51, 45.54, 36.76, and 23.26 km<sup>2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, during 1986–2017. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, road length, and population were the most important driving factors of the urban expansions in the GBA. We also found the driving factors of the urban expansions varied with spatial and temporal scales, suggesting the general understanding from the regional level may not reveal detailed urban dynamics. Detailed urban management and planning policies should be made considering the spatial and internal heterogeneity. These findings can enhance the comprehensive understanding of this bay area and help policymakers to promote sustainable development in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2615Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Areaurban expansiondriving factorsremote sensinggeographical detector |
| spellingShingle | Jie Zhang Le Yu Xuecao Li Chenchen Zhang Tiezhu Shi Xiangyin Wu Chao Yang Wenxiu Gao Qingquan Li Guofeng Wu Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 Remote Sensing Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area urban expansion driving factors remote sensing geographical detector |
| title | Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 |
| title_full | Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 |
| title_short | Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017 |
| title_sort | exploring annual urban expansions in the guangdong hong kong macau greater bay area spatiotemporal features and driving factors in 1986 2017 |
| topic | Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area urban expansion driving factors remote sensing geographical detector |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/16/2615 |
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