The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/515 |
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| author | Mengzan Yang Qi Yang Xiaoqing Bi Hengyang Shi Jianhao Yang Xiangyu Cheng Tianxing Yan Honghai Zhang Ziqiang Cheng |
| author_facet | Mengzan Yang Qi Yang Xiaoqing Bi Hengyang Shi Jianhao Yang Xiangyu Cheng Tianxing Yan Honghai Zhang Ziqiang Cheng |
| author_sort | Mengzan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc91fc4ce2ef46e48df3b03b6e4e2128 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc91fc4ce2ef46e48df3b03b6e4e21282023-11-16T23:50:04ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115251510.3390/v15020515The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in ChickensMengzan Yang0Qi Yang1Xiaoqing Bi2Hengyang Shi3Jianhao Yang4Xiangyu Cheng5Tianxing Yan6Honghai Zhang7Ziqiang Cheng8College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaChicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/515chicken anemia virus (CAV)Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1)synergyco-infectionimmunosuppressionpathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Mengzan Yang Qi Yang Xiaoqing Bi Hengyang Shi Jianhao Yang Xiangyu Cheng Tianxing Yan Honghai Zhang Ziqiang Cheng The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens Viruses chicken anemia virus (CAV) Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) synergy co-infection immunosuppression pathogenicity |
| title | The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens |
| title_full | The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens |
| title_fullStr | The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens |
| title_short | The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens |
| title_sort | synergy of chicken anemia virus and gyrovirus homsa 1 in chickens |
| topic | chicken anemia virus (CAV) Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) synergy co-infection immunosuppression pathogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/515 |
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