The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review
The current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to find healthcare solutions that boost or support immunity. There is some evidence that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune mediators. However, the mechanisms of the link betwe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/6/536 |
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| author | Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Nitika Kumari Imran Amjad Jenna Duehr Kelly Holt |
| author_facet | Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Nitika Kumari Imran Amjad Jenna Duehr Kelly Holt |
| author_sort | Heidi Haavik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to find healthcare solutions that boost or support immunity. There is some evidence that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune mediators. However, the mechanisms of the link between HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts and neuroimmune function and the associated potential clinical implications are less clear. This review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that can explain the HVLA controlled vertebral thrust--neuroimmune link and discuss what this link implies for clinical practice and future research needs. A search for relevant articles published up until April 2021 was undertaken. Twenty-three published papers were found that explored the impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on neuroimmune markers, of which eighteen found a significant effect. These basic science studies show that HVLA controlled vertebral thrust influence the levels of immune mediators in the body, including neuropeptides, inflammatory markers, and endocrine markers. This narravtive review discusses the most likely mechanisms for how HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts could impact these immune markers. The mechanisms are most likely due to the known changes in proprioceptive processing that occur within the central nervous system (CNS), in particular within the prefrontal cortex, following HVLA spinal thrusts. The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system. Bi-directional neuro-immune interactions are affected by emotional or pain-related stress. Stress-induced sympathetic nervous system activity also alters vertebral motor control. Therefore, there are biologically plausible direct and indirect mechanisms that link HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts to the immune system, suggesting HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune function. However, it is not yet known whether HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have a clinically relevant impact on immunity. Further research is needed to explore the clinical impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on immune function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc994b7651204b76a76bef7488dca50a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc994b7651204b76a76bef7488dca50a2023-11-21T21:35:50ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442021-05-0157653610.3390/medicina57060536The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative ReviewHeidi Haavik0Imran Khan Niazi1Nitika Kumari2Imran Amjad3Jenna Duehr4Kelly Holt5Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandThe current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to find healthcare solutions that boost or support immunity. There is some evidence that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune mediators. However, the mechanisms of the link between HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts and neuroimmune function and the associated potential clinical implications are less clear. This review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that can explain the HVLA controlled vertebral thrust--neuroimmune link and discuss what this link implies for clinical practice and future research needs. A search for relevant articles published up until April 2021 was undertaken. Twenty-three published papers were found that explored the impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on neuroimmune markers, of which eighteen found a significant effect. These basic science studies show that HVLA controlled vertebral thrust influence the levels of immune mediators in the body, including neuropeptides, inflammatory markers, and endocrine markers. This narravtive review discusses the most likely mechanisms for how HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts could impact these immune markers. The mechanisms are most likely due to the known changes in proprioceptive processing that occur within the central nervous system (CNS), in particular within the prefrontal cortex, following HVLA spinal thrusts. The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the immune system. Bi-directional neuro-immune interactions are affected by emotional or pain-related stress. Stress-induced sympathetic nervous system activity also alters vertebral motor control. Therefore, there are biologically plausible direct and indirect mechanisms that link HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts to the immune system, suggesting HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have the potential to modulate immune function. However, it is not yet known whether HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts have a clinically relevant impact on immunity. Further research is needed to explore the clinical impact of HVLA controlled vertebral thrusts on immune function.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/6/536high-velocitylow-amplitude thrustHVLAchiropracticspinal manipulationcentral nervous system |
| spellingShingle | Heidi Haavik Imran Khan Niazi Nitika Kumari Imran Amjad Jenna Duehr Kelly Holt The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review Medicina high-velocity low-amplitude thrust HVLA chiropractic spinal manipulation central nervous system |
| title | The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Potential Mechanisms of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Controlled Vertebral Thrusts on Neuroimmune Function: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | potential mechanisms of high velocity low amplitude controlled vertebral thrusts on neuroimmune function a narrative review |
| topic | high-velocity low-amplitude thrust HVLA chiropractic spinal manipulation central nervous system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/6/536 |
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