Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents
The eye presents extensive perspectives and challenges for drug delivery, mainly because of the extraordinary capacity, intrinsic to this path, for drugs to permeate into the main circulatory system and also for the restrictions of the ocular barriers. Depending on the target segment of the eye, ant...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/9/460 |
| _version_ | 1811187806445240320 |
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| author | Eliana B. Souto João Dias-Ferreira Ana López-Machado Miren Ettcheto Amanda Cano Antonio Camins Espuny Marta Espina Maria Luisa Garcia Elena Sánchez-López |
| author_facet | Eliana B. Souto João Dias-Ferreira Ana López-Machado Miren Ettcheto Amanda Cano Antonio Camins Espuny Marta Espina Maria Luisa Garcia Elena Sánchez-López |
| author_sort | Eliana B. Souto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The eye presents extensive perspectives and challenges for drug delivery, mainly because of the extraordinary capacity, intrinsic to this path, for drugs to permeate into the main circulatory system and also for the restrictions of the ocular barriers. Depending on the target segment of the eye, anterior or posterior, the specifications are different. The ocular route experienced in the last decades a lot of progresses related with the development of new drugs, improved formulations, specific-designed delivery and even new routes to administer a drug. Concomitantly, new categories of materials were developed and adapted to encapsulate drugs. With such advances, a multiplicity of parameters became possible to be optimized as the increase in bioavailability and decreased toxic effects of medicines. Also, the formulations were capable to easily adhere to specific tissues, increase the duration of the therapeutic effect and even target the delivery of the treatment. The ascending of new delivery systems for ocular targeting is a current focus, mainly because of the capacity to extend the normal time during which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect and, so, supplying the patients with a product which gives them fewer side effects, fewer number of applications and even more effective outcomes to their pathologies, surpassing the traditionally-used eye drops. Depending on the systems, some are capable of increasing the duration of the drug action as gels, emulsions, prodrugs, liposomes, and ocular inserts with hydrophilic properties, improving the absorption by the cornea. In parallel, other devices use as a strategy the capacity to sustain the release of the carried drugs by means of erodible and non-erodible matrices. This review discusses the different types of advanced formulations used for ocular delivery of therapeutics presenting the most recent patents according to the clinical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:08:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc9b3f4aa89b4640946d1368f2177aa5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:08:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc9b3f4aa89b4640946d1368f2177aa52022-12-22T04:19:48ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232019-09-0111946010.3390/pharmaceutics11090460pharmaceutics11090460Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent PatentsEliana B. Souto0João Dias-Ferreira1Ana López-Machado2Miren Ettcheto3Amanda Cano4Antonio Camins Espuny5Marta Espina6Maria Luisa Garcia7Elena Sánchez-López8Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, PortugalThe eye presents extensive perspectives and challenges for drug delivery, mainly because of the extraordinary capacity, intrinsic to this path, for drugs to permeate into the main circulatory system and also for the restrictions of the ocular barriers. Depending on the target segment of the eye, anterior or posterior, the specifications are different. The ocular route experienced in the last decades a lot of progresses related with the development of new drugs, improved formulations, specific-designed delivery and even new routes to administer a drug. Concomitantly, new categories of materials were developed and adapted to encapsulate drugs. With such advances, a multiplicity of parameters became possible to be optimized as the increase in bioavailability and decreased toxic effects of medicines. Also, the formulations were capable to easily adhere to specific tissues, increase the duration of the therapeutic effect and even target the delivery of the treatment. The ascending of new delivery systems for ocular targeting is a current focus, mainly because of the capacity to extend the normal time during which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect and, so, supplying the patients with a product which gives them fewer side effects, fewer number of applications and even more effective outcomes to their pathologies, surpassing the traditionally-used eye drops. Depending on the systems, some are capable of increasing the duration of the drug action as gels, emulsions, prodrugs, liposomes, and ocular inserts with hydrophilic properties, improving the absorption by the cornea. In parallel, other devices use as a strategy the capacity to sustain the release of the carried drugs by means of erodible and non-erodible matrices. This review discusses the different types of advanced formulations used for ocular delivery of therapeutics presenting the most recent patents according to the clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/9/460ocular drug deliverypatentsbioavailabilityanterior eye segmentposterior eye segmenttargeted drug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Eliana B. Souto João Dias-Ferreira Ana López-Machado Miren Ettcheto Amanda Cano Antonio Camins Espuny Marta Espina Maria Luisa Garcia Elena Sánchez-López Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents Pharmaceutics ocular drug delivery patents bioavailability anterior eye segment posterior eye segment targeted drug delivery |
| title | Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents |
| title_full | Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents |
| title_short | Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents |
| title_sort | advanced formulation approaches for ocular drug delivery state of the art and recent patents |
| topic | ocular drug delivery patents bioavailability anterior eye segment posterior eye segment targeted drug delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/9/460 |
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