Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education
To assess the wider application of the SHARP (Stretching whilst moving, High repetition of skills, Accessibility, Reducing sitting and standing, and Promotion of physical activity) Principles intervention on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | Sports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/8/1/6 |
| _version_ | 1811307023697969152 |
|---|---|
| author | Emma Powell Lorayne Angela Woodfield Alexander James Powell Alan Michael Nevill |
| author_facet | Emma Powell Lorayne Angela Woodfield Alexander James Powell Alan Michael Nevill |
| author_sort | Emma Powell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To assess the wider application of the SHARP (Stretching whilst moving, High repetition of skills, Accessibility, Reducing sitting and standing, and Promotion of physical activity) Principles intervention on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE), when applied by teachers and coaches. A quasi-experimental intervention was employed in nine primary schools (experimental, <i>n</i> = 6: control, <i>n</i> = 3) including teachers (<i>n</i> = 10), coaches (<i>n</i> = 4), and children (aged 5 to 11 years, <i>n</i> = 84) in the West Midlands, UK. Practitioners applied the SHARP Principles to PE lessons, guided by an innovative behaviour change model. The System for Observing Fitness and Instruction Time (SOFIT) was used to measure children’s MVPA in 111 lessons at pre- (<i>n</i> = 60) and post-intervention (<i>n</i> = 51). Seven interviews were conducted post-intervention to explore practitioners’ perceptions. Two-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed that teachers increased children’s MVPA by 27.7%. No statistically significant change in children’s MVPA was observed when taught by the coaches. The qualitative results for teachers were ‘children’s engagement’, a ‘pedagogical paradigm shift’, and ‘relatedness’; and for coaches ‘organisational culture’ and ‘insufficient support and motivation’. The SHARP Principles intervention is the most effective teaching strategy at increasing MVPA in primary PE when taught by school based staff (rather than outsourced coaches), evidencing increases almost double that of any previously published study internationally and demonstrating the capacity to influence educational policy and practice internationally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:56:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fc9d3b9cac994955b12c8866e7b7650c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:56:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-fc9d3b9cac994955b12c8866e7b7650c2022-12-22T02:53:17ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632020-01-0181610.3390/sports8010006sports8010006Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical EducationEmma Powell0Lorayne Angela Woodfield1Alexander James Powell2Alan Michael Nevill3Faculty of Education, Newman University, Birmingham B32 3NT, UKFaculty of Arts, Society and Professional Studies, Newman University, Birmingham B32 3NT, UKFaculty of Arts, Society and Professional Studies, Newman University, Birmingham B32 3NT, UKFaculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WS1 3BD, UKTo assess the wider application of the SHARP (Stretching whilst moving, High repetition of skills, Accessibility, Reducing sitting and standing, and Promotion of physical activity) Principles intervention on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE), when applied by teachers and coaches. A quasi-experimental intervention was employed in nine primary schools (experimental, <i>n</i> = 6: control, <i>n</i> = 3) including teachers (<i>n</i> = 10), coaches (<i>n</i> = 4), and children (aged 5 to 11 years, <i>n</i> = 84) in the West Midlands, UK. Practitioners applied the SHARP Principles to PE lessons, guided by an innovative behaviour change model. The System for Observing Fitness and Instruction Time (SOFIT) was used to measure children’s MVPA in 111 lessons at pre- (<i>n</i> = 60) and post-intervention (<i>n</i> = 51). Seven interviews were conducted post-intervention to explore practitioners’ perceptions. Two-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed that teachers increased children’s MVPA by 27.7%. No statistically significant change in children’s MVPA was observed when taught by the coaches. The qualitative results for teachers were ‘children’s engagement’, a ‘pedagogical paradigm shift’, and ‘relatedness’; and for coaches ‘organisational culture’ and ‘insufficient support and motivation’. The SHARP Principles intervention is the most effective teaching strategy at increasing MVPA in primary PE when taught by school based staff (rather than outsourced coaches), evidencing increases almost double that of any previously published study internationally and demonstrating the capacity to influence educational policy and practice internationally.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/8/1/6primary physical educationphysical activityinterventionbehaviour change theorysharp principles |
| spellingShingle | Emma Powell Lorayne Angela Woodfield Alexander James Powell Alan Michael Nevill Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education Sports primary physical education physical activity intervention behaviour change theory sharp principles |
| title | Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education |
| title_full | Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education |
| title_short | Assessing the Wider Implementation of the SHARP Principles: Increasing Physical Activity in Primary Physical Education |
| title_sort | assessing the wider implementation of the sharp principles increasing physical activity in primary physical education |
| topic | primary physical education physical activity intervention behaviour change theory sharp principles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/8/1/6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emmapowell assessingthewiderimplementationofthesharpprinciplesincreasingphysicalactivityinprimaryphysicaleducation AT lorayneangelawoodfield assessingthewiderimplementationofthesharpprinciplesincreasingphysicalactivityinprimaryphysicaleducation AT alexanderjamespowell assessingthewiderimplementationofthesharpprinciplesincreasingphysicalactivityinprimaryphysicaleducation AT alanmichaelnevill assessingthewiderimplementationofthesharpprinciplesincreasingphysicalactivityinprimaryphysicaleducation |